.jpg) |
|||
| The Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua | |||
| 1927-1934 | |||
| © Michael J. Schroeder, 2007-2010 | |||
| Top 100 Home | |||
|
Among the Most Illuminating Reports |
|||
| From the Outside Looking In | |||
| Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | |||
| Inventory of Documents |
Top 100 |
||
These documents, culled mainly from the intelligence reports of the US Marines and Nicaraguan National Guard (RG127), strike me as uncommonly illuminating. All were produced by non-Sandinistas. All offer insights into the rebels' beliefs, moral codes, values, and practices, or the cultural and social universe of Las Segovias, Nicaragua, and Central America within which they were embedded.
Minor spelling errors have been corrected; names of people and places follow certain conventions to help ensure that searching the site yields robust results. Each document is accompanied by an introductory note that sketches the contexts of its production, and suggests some of the reasons why it seems especially helpful.
(Note: ED means Ejército Defensor [Defending Army], short for Ejército Defensor de la Soberanía Nacional de Nicaragua [Defending Army of Nicaraguan National Sovereignty, EDSNN], the official title of the Sandinista politico-military organization, of which Sandino was the Jefe Supremo [Supreme Chief].)
| PG. | DATE | NAME | TYPE OF REPORT | SOURCE |
| 1 | 22.03.29 | Castellon, Camilo | Newspaper article on Las Segovias and building of the Limay-San Albino road, 1920 |
NEWS22.03.29 |
| 27.06.21 | Butters, Charles | Statement on Sandino's return to San Albino Mine, June 1927 | M27.06.21 | |
| 27.12.06 | Matteson, L.J. | Interview on Sandino's seizure of San Albino Mine, June-August 1927 | M27.12.06 | |
| 28.02.23 | Rugama, Anastacio | Statements of A. Rugama and Eudovio Cornejo, capt'd ED, Matagalpa | M28.02.23 | |
| 28.03.20 | Rios, Jeronimo | Interview with trader familiar with trails from Matagalpa to East Coast | M28.03.20 | |
| 28.03.20 | Spy (anonymous) | Report on mission to Daraili, San Rafael | M28.03.20 | |
| 2 | 28.04.21 | Rivas, Julio Cesar | CASEFILE: Interrogation of Sandino agent in Honduras and El Salvador & his wife | M28.04.21; USDS to March 1929 |
| 28.04.22 | Alvarez, Joaquin | Report on ED btwn P. Cabezas--Wauni, captured by ED; many boys in group | IR28.04.22 | |
| 28.05.06 | Fletcher, et al. | Sacking of the Neptune, Lone Star, and La Luz Mines, April 1928 | USDS 817.00/5739 IR28.05.06: 3 | |
| 28.05.27 | Zelaya Brothers | Report captured by Pedron, robbed, one w/ ear cut off (Pedro, Porfirio, and ?) | IR28.05.27: 6 | |
| 28.08.24 | Rivera, Abraham | Statement of Abraham Rivera | M28.08.24 | |
| 3 | 28.08.25 | Castellon, Camilo | Relato of kidnapping by ED under M.A. Ortez, typescript, w/ letters included | M28.08.25 (ANN) |
| 28.09.02 | Hernandez, Maximo | ED prisoner interrogated, Ocotal district | M28.09.02 | |
| 28.09.14 | Bucardo, Gavino | ED soldier goes home to plant a crop, Jinotega | IR28.10.08: 7 | |
| 28.09.14 | Guatemala, Tomas | Reluctant rebel surrenders at Jinotega | IR28.10.08: 7 | |
| 28.09.24 | Former rebel Jefe | Information obtained from; was with Diaz and Salgado | IR28.09.24: 9-10; 10.08: 6 | |
| 4 | 28.09.24 | Navas | Spy intelligence, Jalapa area | M28.09.24 |
| 28.09.30 | Agent #88 | Spy intelligence, Honduran borderland, Western Segovias | M28.09.30 | |
| 28.10.08 | Picado, Ciriaco | ED soldier under Ortez captured and interrogated | IR28.10.08: 8, 10 | |
| 28.10.08 | 11th Reg't, Ocotal | ED organizes Civic Guard | IR28.10.08: 9 | |
| 28.10.22 | Ramirez, Pablo | ED deserter, brought in by father to Jinotega; was with Jose Leon Diaz, Quesada, Montoya | IR28.10.22: 6 | |
| 5 | 28.10.24 | Pedron | USMC-GN investigation into San Marcos murders, 1-2 Oct 1928 | M28.10.01 |
| 28.11.06 | Torres, Humberto | Narrative on Sandino's life & constitutionalist campaign | M28.11.06 | |
| 28.12.17 | Vallecillo, Emilio | Brother of ED Sgt Major interrogated; captured by Holmes Oct 28 | IR28.12.17: 8 | |
| 29.01.14 | Molina, Idelfonso | Account of capture & release by ED, Dec 14-22, 1928; Molina family of Yali & Jinotega | IR29.01.14: 6-7 | |
| 29.02.01 | Mairena Hernandez, Dr. Domingo | Letter of resignation to Sandino and related documents | IR29.02.12: 11-12 | |
| 6 | 29.02.03 | Giron Ruano, Manuel Maria | Statement to Hanneken before execution by Escamilla | MCHC-PPC/Smith/7 |
| 29.02.04 | Guatemala, Tomas | More information from Tuma Guatemala | M29.02.04 | |
| 29.02.05 | Anonymous | A Few Details on Certain Persons Who Are Sandinistas Under Cover (Ocotal area) | M29.02.05 | |
| 29.02.12 | Mangas, Rogelio | Statement of deserter from Pedron | IR29.02.12: 5, 7 | |
| 29.02.12 | Mierisch mandador | Intel on Pedron's visit to Mierisch's coffee farm | IR29.02.12: 3-4 | |
| 7 | 29.02.15 | Perez, Domingo | Interview w/ surrendered rebel from Pedron group, by Edson | IR29.02.25: 5 |
| 29.03.28 | Anonymous | Information about Pedron and his band from finqueros near La Flor, Jinotega | M29.03.28 | |
| 29.04.08 | Stockes & Hakala | Operations in the Honduran borderlands, March 27-April 6, 1929 | IR29.04.08 | |
| 29.04.09 | Lopez Zamora, Locadia | Statement on atrocity by gang under Juan Pablo Umanzor near Dipilto |
IR29.05.13: 5-6 |
|
| 29.04.10 | Zelaya, Felipe, Emilio Siles | Mandador held & released, anciano killed by ED under Pedron | M29.04.24 | |
| 8 | 29.04.23 | Vasquez, Jesus | Statement to Hanneken from captured ED under Santos Vasquez & Pedron |
IR29.05.13: 4 |
| 29.04.24 | Garcia, Juan | Info on ED movement into Honduras by Nicaraguan living in Cifuentes | IR29.05.12: 3 | |
| 29.05.14 | Molina, Alejandro | Statement of his activities with Sandino, Dec 1927 - Feb 1928; letters from prison, 1929, 1930 | M29.05.14 | |
| 29.05.20 | Perez, Moises | Statement of coffee dealer charged with supplying rebels with clothing | M29.05.20 | |
| 29.06.01 | Davila, Toribio | Information obtained from; captured by Hanneken & Escamilla at San Antonio, Jinotega | IR29.06.16: 8-10 | |
| 20.06.10 | Trewin, Enrique | Sacking of hacienda by "Pedron's crowd" | M29.06.10 | |
| 9 | 29.07.17 | Medina, Alejandro | Information from rebel prisoner on ED jefes in San Juan de Telpaneca area | IR29.07.28: 7-8 |
| 29.07.17 | Unknown | Statement of native held prisoner by Pedron for 15 days | IR29.07.27: 3-4 | |
| 29.07.18 | Capt. Geo. F. Stockes | Biographical sketch of Jose Leon Diaz | IR29.07.18: 10-11 | |
| 29.07.20 | Herrera, Mercedes & J | Info from brothers Mercedes & Jorge Herrera held captive by Peralta for 9 days - big rebel assembly | IR29.07.28: 5-6 | |
| 30.01.29 | Guatemala, Tomas | Update on the rebel-turned-prisoner-turned-spy in Jinotega | M30.01.29 | |
| 10 | 30.01.31 | Herrera, J. Salome | Statement of schoolmaster on death of Dionisio Arteta, Colon Valley | IR30.01.31: 20 |
| 30.03.04 | Blandon, Francisco & Roberto Vindel | Statements by Jinotega citizens seized & released by Santos Vasquez group | IR30.03.22: 10 | |
| 30.09.01 | Castro, Moises | Statement of bandit prisoner; implicated in crimes of Juan Boton | M30.09.01 | |
| 30.09.18 | Echevarria, Juan | Declaration of GN Private involved in Telpaneca mutinies, 6 & 21 Oct 1929 | M30.09.18 | |
| 30.09.23 | Centeno Altamirano, Feliciano | Surrender of Pedron's 'hijo político', with statement and newspaper articles | M30.09.23 | |
| 11 | 30.10.16 | Gonzalez, Calixto | Statement of captured member of Roque Vargas group, Quilali area | M30.10.16 |
| 30.11.19 | Midence, Juan | Chance encounter with Gen. Miguel Angel Ortez by a Pueblo Nuevo butcher, as reported to Lt Bales | M30.11.19 | |
| 30.12.31 | Lopez, Pilar & Felix Zambrana | Declarations of captured rebels to GN, El Jicaro | M30.12.31 | |
| 31.01.03 | Martinez, Tomas | Statement of captured rebel, courier for Ortez | IR31.01.04: 3-4 | |
| 31.01.28 | anonymous | Information from a reliable source on M.A. Ortez, rebels in Ocotal-Somoto district | M31.01.28 | |
| 12 | 31.02.28 | Peralta, Luis H. | Letter to father from El Salvador from GN mutineer, Somotillo | M31.02.28 |
| 31.05.13 | Saenz, Ramiro M | Spaniard walking through CA who ran into Sandinistas & spent time with them | M31.05.13 | |
| 31.07.01 | Rivera, Alberto | Statement of capt'd ED, w/ Pedro Irias, Pedron (says he was held captive by ED) | IR31.07.01: 8-9 | |
| 31.07.11 | Gutierrez, Hermen. | Statement of Hermenegildo Gutierrez, Yali, on his capture by Pedron's forces | M31.07.11 | |
| 31.07.22 | 2 Ocotal citizens | Information from 2 reliable citizens of Ocotal about bandit activities in Honduras | M31.07.22 | |
| 31.07.23 | Pfaeffle, W | Statement of Mr. W. Pfaeffle on Pedron raid of Javali Mine, Chontales | M31.07.23 | |
| 31.08.11 | I. Molina R. | Letter from spy I. Molina R. to Capt. Brauer, Palacaguina | M31.08.11 | |
| 31.08.13 | Olivas, Catalino | Presentation and interrogation of ED Jefe Catalina Olivas, by J. O. Brauer | M31.08.13 | |
| 31.08.20 | Polanco, Isidro | Intelligence from Isidro Polanco, surrendered sargent of ED under JP Umanzor | M31.08.20 | |
| 31.09.01 | unknown | Statement of ED surrendered at Palacaguina; was w/ Chavarria, Olivas, others | IR31.09.01: 7-9 | |
| 31.10.11 | Siles, Teodoro | Information received from Teodoro Siles, prisoner of ED | M31.10.11 | |
| 31.12.04 | Garmendia, A.R. | Statement of Arturo R. Garmendia, Ocotal, on ED activities in NS and Honduras | M31.12.04 | |
| 32.02.09 | Rodriguez, Tulio | Interview w/ -- of Jalapa, capt'd by ED & escaped, Jan 28 - Feb 9, 1932 | IR32.03.01: 35-36 | |
| 32.03.01 | Secret agent | "Very reliable & trustworthy property owner near Hond border" spills his guts | IR32.03.01: 11-12 | |
| 32.03.10 | Cuadra, Guillermo | Informe: Viaje a la Republica de Honduras, C.A. Spy report, 20 pp. | M32.03.10 | |
| 32.05.17 | Lopez Alfaro, Ambr | Intelligence from Ambrosia Lopez Alfaro, woman of Segundo Alfaro | M32.05.17 | |
| 32.05.28 | Rivera, Agustin | Declaration of Don Agustin Rivera, bandit spy, at Neptune Mine (interrogation) | M32.05.28 | |
| 32.06.19 | Navarrete, Leoncio | Declarations of Alberto Valle & L Navarette, held prisoner by Pedron & Sandino | M32.06.19 | |
| 32.07.01 | Ochoa H., Rafael | Statement of -- of Paso Real, Jinotega, on ED in district | IR32.07.01: 21-23 | |
| 32.07.15 | Sanchez F, Enrique | Statement of Enrique Sanchez F, who was captured by bandits | M32.07.15 | |
| 32.08.01 | Gomez, Nicolas | Info from Juez de Mesta Matagalpa capt'd by Pedron on return from Neptune Mine | IR32.08.01: 23-24 | |
| 32.08.01 | reliable citizen Ocotal | Information rec'd from re natives of Matagalpa held prisoner by ED | IR32.08.01: 21-22 | |
| 32.09.01 | spy (anonymous) | Info on ED camps, movements, individuals, Pedron & Sandino, Blanca, & more | IR32.09.01: 26-28 | |
| 32.09.01 | spy (anonymous) | Info on ED jefe Alberto Gadea, Pedron, Centeno, ED in Jinotega | IR32.09.01: 31-32 | |
| 32.09.03 | Cruz, Apolinar | Story about kidnapping by Pedron, June-Sept, till ransom paid; son guide for GN | ASG: 342-348 | |
| 32.09.19 | Romero, Ramon | Info from surrendered ED, Telpaneca, under Salgado | IR32.10.01: 30-31 |
|
|