Michael J. Schroeder is Professor Emeritus of History at Lebanon Valley College in Annville PA, where his teaching has focused on the Atlantic World since ca. 1500, especially Latin America and the United States since the Age of Revolution.  A social, cultural, and political historian whose research focuses on twentieth-century Nicaragua, he is co-author of the widely used college textbook The Twentieth Century and Beyond (McGraw-Hill, 2007) and author of numerous scholarly articles and chapters in his area of expertise.  He is also author and administrator of an expansive digital historical archive on Nicaraguan history during the period of U.S. military intervention in the 1920s and 1930s (at www.SandinoRebellion.com). A member of the Nicaraguan Academy of Geography and History (Academia de Geografía e Historia de Nicaragua), he is also intimately involved in community work in the Lebanon Valley relating to watershed issues, the anti-fracking movement, racial justice, and historic preservation.      Michael J. Schroeder es Profesor Emérito de Historia en Lebanon Valley College en Annville PA, donde sus clases se ha centrado en el mundo atlántico desde ca. 1500, especialmente América Latina y los Estados Unidos desde la Edad de la Revolución. Un historiador social, cultural y político cuyas investigaciones se centran en Nicaragua del siglo XX, es coautor del libro universitario ampliamente utilizado, The Twentieth Century and Beyond (McGraw-Hill, 2007) y autor de numerosos artículos y capítulos académicos en su area de especialización. También es autor y administrador de un extenso archivo histórico digital sobre la historia nicaragüense durante el período de intervención militar estadounidense en los años 20 y 30 (en www.SandinoRebellion.com). Un miembro de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Nicaragua, él también está intimamente involucrado en el trabajo comunitario en el Valle de Lebanon en relación con las cuencas hidrográficas, el movimiento anti-fracking, justicia racial, y la preservación histórica.

EDUCATION

 

1993	University of Michigan	Ph.D. in History
1987	University of Minnesota	B.A. in History, summa cum laude
		B.A. in Economics, summa cum laude
		Minor in African Studies

UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS

 

2022 —         Professor Emeritus of History, Lebanon Valley College

2021-2022     Professor of History, Lebanon Valley College

2014-2021     Associate Professor of History, Lebanon Valley College

2008-2013     Assistant Professor of History, Lebanon Valley College

1999-2008     Assistant Professor of History, Eastern Michigan University

1993-1999     Assistant Professor of History, University of Michigan-Flint

AWARDS AND HONORS

•  2022   Library of Congress request to include this website in the Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS) Web Archive, described as "part of a larger collection of historically and culturally significant websites that have been designated for preservation" (permission granted).  Permanent link (permalink) to the Library of Congress's digital archive of this digital archive:  https://lccn.loc.gov/bi2010003024

•  2017   Honorary Membership in the Academia de Geografía e Historia de Nicaragua (AGHN).

•  2013   Harold Eugene Davis Prize for the best article published in 2011-2012 by a member of the Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies (MACLAS), for "Social Geographies of Grievance & War," Dialectical Anthropology, Dec. 2012 (see below).

•  2013-2015   Arnold Grant for Student-Faculty Experiential Learning, Lebanon Valley College ($3,900)

•  2011-2013   Arnold Grant for Student-Faculty Experiential Learning, Lebanon Valley College ($5,000)

•  2009-2011   Pleet Initiative for Student-Faculty Research, Lebanon Valley College ($5,000)

•  2005   Rockefeller Foundation Grant-In-Aid

•  1997   Honorable Mention, Conference on Latin American History Prize (awarded annually to the best English-language scholarly article on Latin American history in a journal other than Hispanic American Historical Review and The Americas) for "Horse Thieves to Rebels to Dogs," JLAS, 1996 (see below)

•  1987-1989   Mellon Fellow, Mellon Fellowships in the Humanities

DISSERTATION:

 "'To Defend Our Nation's Honor':  Toward a Social & Cultural History of the Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua, 1927-1934."  University of Michigan, 1993.  (PDF file)

PUBLICATIONS

Books

•  2018.  Los malditos pájaros de hierro: La guerra aérea en Nicaragua durante la rebelión de Sandino, 1927-1932 (Managua: La Alcaldía de Managua, 2018; translation of "Social Memory and Tactical Doctrine," International History Review, Sept. 2007; see below).

•  2007.  The New Immigrants:  Mexican Americans  (New York: Chelsea House).

•  2007.  The Twentieth Century and Beyond  (New York: McGraw-Hill).  Co-authored with Richard Goff, Walter Moss, Janice Terry, and Jiu-Hwa Upshur; wrote all chapters on the Americas; offsite promotional material from McGraw-Hill here.

•  2007.  Encyclopedia of World History, 7 vols.  (New York:  Facts On File).  General editor, with Marsha Ackerman, Janice Terry, Jiu-Hwa Upshur, and Mark Whitters; wrote c. 170 entries (c. 140,000 words) on the history of the Western Hemisphere from the First Americans to Hugo Chávez; offsite promotional material by Facts On File here.

Peer-Reviewed Articles

•  2019.  "Digital Resources: The Sandino Rebellion Digital Historical Archive," Oxford Research Encyclopedia on Latin American History, offsite at https://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.001.0001/acrefore-9780199366439-e-77

•  2018.  "Caudillismo Masked and Modernized: The Remaking of the Nicaraguan State via the Guardia Nacional, 1925-1936," with David C. Brooks, Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies (MARLAS), 2 (2), Dec. 2018, pp. 1-32 (link above to PDF file; via the web, visit www.marlasjournal.com/16/volume/2/issue/2/).

•  2012.  "Cultural Geographies of Grievance & War:  Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast Region in the First Sandinista Revolution, 1926-1934," Dialectical Anthropology, 36, December (3-4), pp. 161-196.  With commentaries by Jeffrey L. Gould and Wolfgang Gabbert, and my response.  Awarded the MACLAS Davis Prize for 2011-2012.

•  2007.  "Social Memory and Tactical Doctrine:  The Air War during the Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua, 1927-1932," International History Review, 29, September, pp. 508-549.

•  2005.  "Bandits and Blanket Thieves, Communists and Terrorists:  The Politics of Naming Sandinistas in Nicaragua, 1927-1936 and 1979-1990," Third World Quarterly 26 (1), February, pp. 67-86.

•  1996.  "Horse Thieves to Rebels to Dogs:  Political Gang Violence and the State in the Western Segovias, Nicaragua, in the Time of Sandino, 1927-1934," Journal of Latin American Studies 28 (2) May, pp. 383-434.

Book Chapters

•  2011.   "Rebellion from Without: Foreign Capital, Missionaries, Sandinistas, Marines & Guardia, and Costeños in the time of the Sandino Rebellion, 1927-1934."  Co-authored with David C. Brooks.  In Luciano Barraco, ed., National Integration and Contested Autonomy: The Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua.  New York: Algora.

•  2010.   "National Security and Transnational Insecurity: The Cuban Missile Crisis,” in Jordana Dym & Karl Offen, eds., Mapping Latin America:  Space and Society, 1492-2000.  Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 246-49.

•  2002.   "Baptized in Blood:  Children in the Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua, 1926-1934," in James Marten, ed., Children and War: A Historical Anthology (New York: New York University Press).

•  1999.  "To Induce a Sense of Terror:  Caudillo Politics and Political Violence in Northern Nicaragua, 1926-1934 and 1981-1995."  Arthur Brenner and Bruce Campbell, eds., Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability (New York: St. Martin's Press).

•  1998.  "The Sandino Rebellion Revisited:  Civil War, Imperialism, Popular Nationalism, and State Formation Muddied Up Together in the Segovias of Nicaragua, 1926-1934."  In Gilbert Joseph, Catherine LeGrand, and Ricardo Salvatore, eds., Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.- Latin American Relations (Durham: Duke University Press).

Booklets in “Colección Sandino Vive” produced in collaboration with Lic. Clemente Guido Martínez and the Alcaldía del Poder Ciudadano de Managua  (links are to PDF files)

•  2020.   No. 1. “Sandino y el 4 de mayo de 1927.” (28 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 2. “Eran 30 con él y muchos más . . .” (20 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 3. “Nunca busquen la gloria en el dinero.” (22 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 4. “El ataque a Ocotal.” (49 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 5. “El ataque a Telpaneca, primer combate del EDSNN.” (36 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 6. “Nacimiento de la defensa anti-aérea del EDSNN contra la aviación yanke.” (20 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 7. “Las emboscadas como estrategia de guerra.” (36 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 8. “La batalla por el Chipote.” (38 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 9. “Del Chipote al Bramadero resurgir del EDSNN.” (28 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 10. “Justicia histórica contra las minas Luz y Ángeles.” (45 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 11. “El Congreso Nacional contra Sandino. 1929-1932.” (28 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 12. “El asesinato del General Augusto C. Sandino, 1934.” (39 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 13. “Historia del asesinato del General Sandino, 1926-1934.” (73 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 14. “Gregorio Urbano Gilbert, Héroe de Dos Pueblos.” (58 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 15. “Miguel Ángel Orthés y Guillén, Inolvidable y Glorioso Hermano.” (97 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 16. “Blanca Stella Aráuz Pineda, Heroína Nacional de Nicaragua.” (40 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 17. “Mujeres Defensoras de la Soberanía Nacional de Nicaragua (1927-1933).” (55 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 18. “Carleton Beals más allá de una entrevista.” (46 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 19. “Manuel María Girón Ruano, General Mártir de la solidaridad.” (30 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 20. “Alfonso Alexander Moncayo, Capitán Colombia.” (25 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 21. “Pedro Altamirano, General invicto por la Soberanía Nacional.” (21 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 22. “Juan Gregorio Colíndres entre los 30 primeros combatientes EDSNN.” (19 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 23. “Juan Pablo Umanzor, General ejemplo de disciplina y valor.” (25 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 24. “Ramón Belasteguigoitia, orden independencia cultural Rubén Darío.” (19 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 25. “Los malditos pájaros de hierro.” (76 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 26. “Bolívar y Sandino, panamericanismo y antimperialismo vigentes.” (18 pp.)

•  2020.   No. 29. “Sandino, sangre y trueno.” (227 pp.)

contributions to REVISTA DE TEMAS NICARAGÜENSEs, ed. josÉ mejÍa lacayo

Individual PDF files acessible via the links below.  The larger collection of RTNs is housed in La Biblioteca Enrique Bolaños, at https://www.enriquebolanos.org/coleccion/Colecci%C3%B3n-Revista-Temas-Nicas

•  2018.   Marzo, No. 119: "Introducción al diario personal del Coronel Robert L. Denig, Comandante del Área del Norte en Ocotal, 1929-1930," pp. 274-308.

•  2018.   Febrero, No. 118: "Venta pública de las propiedades de Dr. Natividad Rivera, San Rafael del Norte, 1919," pp. 149-156.

•  2017.   Octubre, No. 114: "Saqueo de una finca de café en Matagalpa en junio de 1929 por la gente de Pedrón," pp. 340-344.

•  2017.   Septiembre, No. 113: "Formación de un gringo historiador de Nicaragua," pp. 14-19.

•  2017.   Agosto, No. 112: “Lecciones de hoy de la campaña contra el Ejército Defensor de Sandino,” pp. 108-112.

•  2017.   Julio, No. 111: "Las Segovias y sus habitantes en tiempos de Sandino (Tercera entrega)," pp. 214-220.

•  2017.   Junio, No. 110: "Las Segovias y sus habitantes en tiempos de Sandino (Segunda entrega)," pp. 221-225.

•  2017.   Mayo, No. 109: "Las Segovias y sus habitantes en tiempos de Sandino," pp. 212-220.

•  2017.   Abril, No. 108:  "Mapas de Nicaragua de 1928," pp. 366-367.

•  2017.   Marzo, No. 107:  "Introducción al Expediente de Anastacio Hernández," pp. 283-84.

•  2016.   Noviembre, No. 102:  "Viaje de Espionaje a la República de Honduras," pp. 191-213.

•  2016.   Octubre, No. 103:  "La batalla de Ocotal el 16 de julio de 1927," pp. 222-25.

•  2016.   Marzo, No. 95:  "Introducción crítica a los documentos sobre la escuela de Las Sabanas," pp. 235-42.

•  2015.   Diciembre, No. 92:  "Los Marines en Las Segovias: Informe de Patrulla por George H. Bellinger y otros," pp. 268-271.

•  2015.   Octubre, No. 90:  "Nacimiento del culto a la personalidad de Anastasio Somoza García en las páginas de los Boletines de la Guardia Nacional, 1933-1935," pp. 45-65.

•  2015.   Julio, No. 87:  "La Leyenda Negra de las atrocidades de la Infantería de Marina en Nicaragua en las cartas de amor de Emil G. Thomas de Cleveland, Ohio, 1925-1929," pp. 23-52.

•  2015.   Marzo, No. 83:  "Dos caminantes continentales, dos encuentros con el General Sandino, y las dinámicas de rebelión y contrainsurgencia (1927 y 1931)," pp. 70-91.

•  2014.   Agosto, No. 76:  "Geografías Culturales de Agravio y Guerra: La Región de la Costa Atlántica en la Primera Revolución Sandinista, 1926-1934," pp. 65-103.

•  2014.   Mayo, No. 73:  "Promesa y Fallas de la Historia Oral como Evidencia Histórica," pp. 33-36.

•  2014.   Abril, No. 72:  "'Los 'Voluntarios': Un experimento en contrainsurgencia fracasado, enero-mayo de 1929," pp. 93-99.

•  2014.   Marzo, No. 71:  "Construir una casa para aguantar las tormentas:  ¿Cómo contar la historia del Ejército Defensor de la Soberanía Nacional?  /  Building a House to Stand the Storms:  How to Tell the Story of Sandino’s Defending Army?," pp. 33-66.

•  2014.   Enero, No. 69:  "Leer los textos imperiales 'contra el grano':  Una interpretación crítica del 'Estimado de Combate Abreviado de la Guardia Nacional' (1935-1938)," pp. 101-09.

•  2013.   Diciembre, No. 68:  "Abriendo una grieta en el silencio:  La foto misteriosa y el telegrama de Martha Hernández Martínez," pp. 84-89.

•  2013.   Septiembre, No. 65:  "Luchas por el Poder Entrelazadas:  Un Archivo Digital sobre los Costeños y la Costa Atlántica en los Tiempos de Sandino," pp. 51-55.

•  2013.   Agosto, No. 64:  "Dos libros, dos relatos de luchas heroicas del pueblo nicaragüense," reseñas de Jorge Eduardo Arellano, Guerrillero de nuestra América: Augusto C. Sandino (1895-1934), 2a edición (Managua: HISPAMER, 2008), y Onofre Guevara López, Cien años de movimiento social en Nicaragua: relato cronológico (Managua: Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica [IHNCA-UCA], 2008), pp. 219-21.

•  2013.   Julio, No. 63:  "‘Los eventos son la verdadera dialéctica de la historia’:  Las batallas de El Bramadero, 27-28 de Febrero de 1928," pp. 68-78.

•  2013.   Junio, No. 62:  "‘Todo Rencor de Familias’:  Guerra Civil, Imperialismo, Nacionalismo Popular y la Formación del Estado, Revueltos en Las Segovias de Nicaragua (1926-1934)," pp. 14-63 (translation of "The Sandino Rebellion Revisited," above).

•  2013.   Mayo, No. 61:  "Guerras de palabras:  Hojas volantes y propaganda política de los marinos y la Guardia Nacional, el EDSN, los partidos Liberal y Conservador y otros (1927-1936)," pp. 16-19.

•  2013.   Abril, No. 60:  "'Y también enséñenles a leer':  Un archivo digital sobre la formación de la Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, 1925-1979," pp. 62-65.

•  2013.   Marzo, No. 59:  "De Cuatreros a Rebeldes a Perros:  Violencia de Pandillas Políticas y el Estado en la Segovias Occidentales, Nicaragua, en los Tiempos de Sandino, 1926-1934," Parte 2.

•  2013.   Febrero, No. 58:  "De Cuatreros a Rebeldes a Perros:  Violencia de Pandillas Políticas y el Estado en la Segovias Occidentales, Nicaragua, en los Tiempos de Sandino, 1926-1934," Parte 1 (translation of "Horse Thieves," above).

•  2013.   Enero, No. 57:  "Imposición de la Democracia por el Imperio Norteamericano:  Reflexiones Críticas sobre las Elecciones Nicaragüenses de Noviembre de 1928"  (portada), pp. 4-14.

•  2012.   Diciembre, No. 56:  "El 'Archivo Gordo Sobre la Situación de Sandino' Digitalizado, División de Inteligencia Militar, Estados Unidos, 1928-1933," pp. 83-85.

•  2012.   Noviembre, No. 55:  "Archivo Digital de las Cartas y Telegramas a Enviado Especial Norteamericano Henry L. Stimson, Abril-Mayo de 1927," pp. 87-89.

•  2012.   Octubre, No. 54:  "Un Archivo Digital de Mapas Históricos de Nicaragua," pp. 63-65.

•  2012.  Septiembre, No. 53:  "Los Malditos Pájaros de Hierro:  La Guerra Aérea en Nicaragua durante la Rebelión de Sandino, 1927-1932," pp. 47-87 (translation of "Social Memory & Tactical Doctrine," above).

Select Conference Papers, COMMISSIONED STUDIES & other contributions

•  2024.   "An Introduction to Augusto C. Sandino, 'Manifesto to the Nicaraguans, to the Central Americans, to the Indo-Hispanic Race,' July 1, 1927, in J. Daniel Elam, ed., " Aesthetics and Politics in the Global South," Bloomsbury Press (forthcoming).

•  2018.  "The Dynamics of Insurgency & Counterinsurgency in the Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua, 1927-1934."  Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Barcelona, Spain, May 23-26.

•  2016.   "Los Voluntarios: The Dialectics of Insurgency & Counterinsurgency in the Mountains of Las Segovias, Nicaragua, 1928-1929."  Paper presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), New York, NY, May 27-30.

•  2015.   "The Black Legend of Marine Corps Atrocities in the Love Letters of Emil Thomas of Cleveland, Ohio."  Paper presented at the annual conference of the Middle Atlantic Council on Latin American Studies (MACLAS), April 17-18, Ithaca College, Ithaca NY.

•  2014.   "Los testimonios del Instituto de Estudio del Sandinismo (IES) en Nicaragua, 1980-1984:  Rupturas y congruencias narrativas en un proyecto de memoria de un estado revolucionario."  Ponencia por presentar al XII Congreso Centroamericano de Historia, Universidad de San Salvador, San Salvador, 14-18 de julio.

•  2014.   "Los Voluntarios:  A Failed Counterinsurgency Experiment of the US Marines & Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, January-July 1929."  Paper presented to the Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ, March 7-8.

•  2013.   "Creating a Sole Non-Partisan Military & Police Force Composed of Natives to Promote Peace & Order & Prosperity & Rights:  The Remaking of the Nicaraguan State via the Formation of the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, 1925-1940.”  Paper presented with co-author Dr. David C. Brooks to the Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies, Lebanon Valley College, Annville PA, March 8-9.

•  2012.   “Experiments in Digital Archives and Hybrid Print-Web Texts:  The Case of Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast Region Under the Imperial Spotlight, ca. 1926-1933.”  Paper presented to the Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies, American University, Washington D.C., March 22-24.

•  2011.   “Intelligence Capacities of the US Military in Nicaragua, 1927-1932:  Successes, Failures, Lessons."  Study commissioned by the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterrey, CA, as part of a larger Dept. of Defense study of intelligence gathering & analysis in the post-9/11 era.

•  2011.   “Sandino on the Coast:  New Perspectives on the Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast Region.”  Paper presented to the Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies, University of Pittsburgh, March 17-19.

•  2010.  "La Revolución se va a digitalizar: Creación de un archivo virtual e interpretativa sobre la rebelión de Sandino en Nicaragua, 1927-1934."  Ponencia presentada al X Congreso Centroamericano de Historia, UNAN-Managua, 13-16 de Julio.

•  2009.  "The Vexatious Frontier Question:  Capital, Coercion, and Sovereignty in the Western Nicaragua-Honduras Borderlands, 1919-1936."  Paper presented to the Middle Atlantic Conference on Latin American Studies, College of William & Mary, March.

Book Reviews

•  2017.  Daniel Chávez, Nicaragua and the Politics of Utopia: Development & Culture in the Modern State (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2015), in Hispanic American Historical Review, Feb. 2017, pp. 171-73.

•  2013.  H-Diplo Roundtable Review, Vol. XIV, No. 25 (2013), 25 March 2013.  Jason M. Colby, The Business of Empire: United Fruit, Race, and U.S. Expansion in Central America  (Ithaca:  Cornell University Press, 2011).
http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XIV-25.pdf.

•  2010.  Jorge Eduardo Arellano, Guerrillero de Nuestra América: Augusto C. Sandino (1895-1934).  2nd ed. Managua: HISPAMER, 2008, and Onofre Guevara López, Cien años de movimiento social en Nicaragua: relato cronológico.  Managua:  Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica (IHNCA-UCA), 2008, in Mesoamérica 52, enero-dic.

•  2009.  Jeffrey L. Gould and Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago, To Rise in Darkness: Revolution, Repression, and Memory in El Salvador, 1920-1932 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2008), in A Contracorriente, 7 (1) Fall, pp. 367-376; available online here.

•  2007.  Michel Gobat, Confronting the American Dream: Nicaragua Under U.S. Imperial Rule (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005), in The Americas 63 (3) January, pp. 451-52.

•  2001.  Les W. Field, The Grimace of Macho Ratón: Artisans, Identity, and Nation in Late Twentieth-Century Western Nicaragua (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999), in Social History 26 (1) January, pp. 130-32.

•  1998.  Darío A. Euraque, Reinterpreting the Banana Republic:  Region and State in Honduras, 1870-1972 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), in H-Net Reviews, Michigan State University (http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=14928887752532).

•  1998.  Volker Wünderich, Sandino: una biografía política (Managua: Nueva Nicaragua, 1995), in Hispanic American Historical Review 78 (3) November, pp. 522-23.

•  1996.  Alejandro Bendaña, La mística de Sandino (Managua, 1995), in Hispanic American Historical Review 76 (4) November, pp. 802-03.

•  1996.  Mike Wallace, Mickey Mouse History and Other Essays on American Memory (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996), in H-Net Reviews, Michigan State University (http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=18280865028819).

BOOK MANUSCRIPTS IN PROGRESS

•   The Sandino Rebellion:  The Sandino Rebellion: Empire-Making, Social Revolution, and Counterinsurgency in Las Segovias, Nicaragua, 1927-1934.

•   Los Voluntarios:  A Failed Counterinsurgency Experiment of the US Marines in the Mountains of Northern Nicaragua, 1927-1932.

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT & LEADERSHIP

•   2009—      Active Member, Quittie Creek Nature Park Committee (https://www.fooa.org/quittie-park)
•   2011—      Executive Director, Quittapahilla Creek Garbage Museum (https://www.facebook.com/AnnvillePA)
•   2012—      President, Friends of Old Annville (www.fooa.org)
•   2013—      President, Quittapahilla Watershed Association (http://www.quittiecreek.org)
•   2014—      Vice President, Lebanon Pipeline Awareness (https://www.facebook.com/LebanonPipelineAwareness)

•   2020—      Organizer, Annville Town Square Protesters for Racial Justice (https://www.facebook.com/michael.schroeder.9674/)
•   2019—      Democratic Party Candidate, PA Senate District 48 Special Election, Jan. 2020
•   2021—      Secretary, Lebanon County Branch 26AA-B of the NAACP (https://lebanonnaacp.org/)
•   2021—      Member, Lebanon County Democratic Committee (https://lebanondemocrats.com/)

•   2022—      Campaign Committee Chair, Lebanon County Democratic Committee (https://lebanondemocrats.com/)

REFERENCES

Contingent upon inquiry.