2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

SEPTEMBER 1927

September 1, 1927.  Letter from Ruperto Orellano, Gregorio Valle, Tomás Urbana P., P. Palacios, José Mairena R., and Victor M. Incer O., Teustepe, to C.O., 5th Regt., Managua.  "Teustepe, September [blank], 1927 ¶ Commanding Officer, ¶ 5th Regiment, ¶ Managua. ¶ Dear Sir: ¶ All of us, with but few exceptions, were revolutionists under the command of General Jose Maria Moncada. Due to love to our country, due to respect to our chief, and due to the confidence which we had in Mr. Stimson, we delivered our arms to the American Army. ¶ Without any justifiable reason and being unarmed, the excited conservatives of our town and the authorities themselves, have provoked our most peaceful friends, in a way that they pretend to convert our peaceful living into another of disagreeable. Certainly we respect the perpetrated facts. We do not pretend to have liberal authorities in our town, but we invoke justice, order and respect to our lives, honor and interests. And as we are convinced that it would not come unless a Marine Guard comes to stay in our town, we very respectfully request you let us have said guard. We offer since now, our welcome to the Marines, so that they can consider us as their true friends. ¶ For this purpose we have authorized our friends from Boaco, who have official representation with the American Command in that city, in order that, in our behalf, they request the same thing. And as we do not doubt that you will let us have those Marines, we have taken the liberty to ask you for them. ¶ Yours Truly, ¶ Ruperto Orellano, ¶ Gregorio Valle ¶ Tomas Urbana P. ¶ P. Palacias ¶ Jose Mairena R. ¶ Victor M. Incer O."

September 6, 1927.  Letter from Fred W. Fley, Matagalpa, to Major Erskine, USMC, p. 1.   "Matagalpa, ¶ 6 Sept., 1927. ¶ To Major Erskine, U.S.M.C., ¶ Sir/ ¶ I have to-day made application to the Jefe Political conforme [in conformity with] with your instructions repecting [respecting] a [an] old Winchester rifle and 3 pistols taken from my house on my plantation in Tapasle on the 19th of Aug., 1927, and was informed that as yet they know nothing about these arms, but no doubt they would turn up on the return of the inspector. ¶ The inspector informed my son at the time he arrived (7 o’clock at night) that my house had been denounced, but would not give the name of the person who denounced me. My property is far from Matagalpa 10 or 12 leagues in the indian land. ¶ I have on the San Marcos side enemies resulting from a law suit of 3 years standing. There two indians Pedro Lopez and Benacio Mendez have repeatedly shown their animosity to me by stealing my cattle, cutting the tails off my cows and inciting the indians against me and my family. ¶ Holding the post of capitan and juez de mesta respectively they they are the representatives of law and order and are the only ones armed with government rifles. Their duty is to disarm everyone, but the only ones they are disarming are the Liberals, their friends are permitted to have their arms on the quiet. ¶ Here are brute indians armed (Often more drunk than sober) while the foreigner has nothing to defend himself with. Their duty is to disarm everyone under the law of June 4, (of which we know something now). This law was never fully published, because there is a [an] opportunity to make some money in fines. ¶ I asked the Director why my house was signelled [signaled] out and denounced and by whom, and he replied that he did not know; but reminded me that I was supposed to lean on the side of the revolution and that my son was killed in the war. ¶ I want to make this a general question among the foreigners, whose houses have not been entered and searched, or any arms confiscated, or any permits given, so that some arrangements may be arrived at in the matter. ¶ Outside Matagalpa the inspector can give us no protection, and does not act impartially – being a Conservative he carries his politics into his business, by disarming the Liberals and letting the indian captain and his friends retain their arms. ¶ All foreigners have – and have always had – arms in their houses. If this is against the law their houses should be searched and their arms brought to Matagalpa. I denounce them all in the hopes that a fair and square understanding may be arrived at. ¶ That a U. S. Marine be substituted for the inspector who will act impartially, having no interest in any party, and this, is the only way to get the law enforced. [...]"

September 6, 1927.  Letter from Fred W. Fley, Matagalpa, to Major Erskine, USMC, p. 2.   "[...] That no inspection or search shall be made without a warrant signed by the person denouncing the house and finally signed by the chief of the U.S.M.C. authorizing the search from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. (authorized by present law of the country). Under present conditions we are liable to have our houses forced any hour day or night and 7 times a week. ¶ That Pedro Lopez and Benancia Mendez cease to have authority as capitan and juez de mesta of the canada of San Marcos. That they be questioned as to the stealing of my cows during the days of the last canton in San Marcos. These two men stole my cows it was supposed to feed the soldiers that they had under arms in San Marcos. They never made any representation to me by any authority authorizing this act.* ¶ That they be warned not to enter my property. If they have a need they can always obtain permission from my house. ¶ That the inspector be asked to give the name of the person who made the denouncement. ¶ With due respects, ¶ I remain, Sir, ¶ Yours truly, ¶ FRED W. FLEY. ¶ * Lopez deserted his post, hiding 9 rifles. What became of those rifles? ¶ 80-FSNE-wib ¶ 1st Endorsement ¶ 9 September, 1927. ¶ HEADQUARTERS THIRD BATTALION FIFTH REGIMENT SECOND BRIGADE US MARINE CORPS, MATAGALPA, NICARAGUA. ¶ From: The Commanding Officer. ¶ To: The Commanding Officer, Fifth Regiment. ¶ 1. Forwarded, for your information. ¶ 2. In view of the large number of foreign residents here, in the Matagalpa District, it is recommended that a detachment of Guardia Nacional be established in Matagalpa at the earliest practicable date to look over and check the operations of native officials in outlying districts. ¶ 3. Mr. Fred W. Fley is a British subject. ¶ F. S. N. ERSKINE"

September 7, 1927.  "Report on activities of one Ramón B. Tellez," Major Glenn E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Minister of Gobernación, Managua, p. 1.   "Headquarters, Division of Nuevo Segovia [Nueva Segovia], Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, Ocotal, Nicaragua, September 7, 1927. ¶ From: The Commanding Officer. ¶ To: The Minister of Gobernacion, Republic of Nicaragua, Palacio Nacional, Managua, Nicaragua. ¶ Subject: Report on activities of one Ramon B. Tellez. ¶ Reference: Your telegram quoted in Chief of Guardia’s dispatch number 12007. ¶ 1. In connection with the reference, you are informed that my personal contact with Ramon B. Tellez covers the period from August 4, 1927 to August 25, 1927. In those twenty days, however, I have had considerable opportunity to observe that individual in the performance of his duties as acting jefe politico of this department, and to arrive at reasonable logical conclusions as to his character and value as a public officer. It is my firm belief, based upon that observation, that Tellez is so addicted to the use of alcohol as to render him completely unfitted to hold any public office in the republic. ¶ 2. In connection with Tellez’ relations with the bandit Sandino prior and since the action of July 16, 1927, I report as follows, offering information that I have received from sources which I consider reliable. ¶ (a) That Tellez served in fairly close association with Sandino in the late revolution. ¶ (b) That Sandino was considerably incensed when Tellez decided to turn in his arms at Boaco instead of joining him in his retreat to the hills. ¶ (c) That at 3:00 am on July 16, 1927, during the engagement at Ocotal, Tellez was on the streets of that city with a drawn revolver. ¶ (d) That Tellez, so armed, was observed by one Colonel Canales, of the Sandino forces, who ordered him disarmed, and that these orders were carried out. [...]"

September 7, 1927.  "Report on activities of one Ramón B. Tellez," from Major Glenn E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Minister of Gobernación, Managua, p. 2.   "[...] Subject: Report on one Ramon B. Tellez (continued) ¶ (e) That nothing further is known of the movements of Tellez during that action. ¶ (f) That Tellez at that time was under the influence of intoxication liquor. ¶ (g) That on or about July 22, 1927, Tellez informed a relative of his at San Fernando that the column under the command of Major Oliver Floyd, U.S. Marine Corps, was intending to move through that city. Whether or not this report had any bearing on the later attack upon that column at San Fernando is not known. ¶ 3. It is my belief that Tellez is, at heart, a sympathizer with Sandino, but that he has lacked the moral courage to openly espouse his cause. I believe it highly probable that he spread subversive propaganda in favor of Sandino, signed or otherwise. These beliefs are shared with me by First Lieutenant Grover C. Darnall, U.S. Marine Corps, who has observed that individual for a longer period that myself and who was stationed in this city prior to, during and after the engagement on July 16, 1927. ¶ 4. I recommend that you communicate with Captain Gilbert D. Hatfield, U.S. Marine Corps, who was in command of marines in this city for some time. His opportunity to observe Tellez, and under more critical conditions, was, naturally, more expensive than my own has been. ¶ Glenn E. Hayes."

September 8, 1927.  Memo from 1st Lieut. H. S. Keimling, Commanding Officer, Telpaneca, to C.O., 5th Regt., Managua, p. 1.   "TELPANECA, Sept 8, 1927. ¶ MEMO TO C.O. 5th Regt., MANAGUA. ¶ [unreadable, possibly “Jd.”] Lt. Millers [Miller’s] patrol Palaquina 1415-8605 ¶ Inf. Pueblo Nuevo ¶ Arr Tel 2000 – passed groups of natives leaving Tel to Palaquina and Somoto. Salgado’s group where [were?] in Tel 2 days had 40 men all mounted 25 rifles rest machetes. Group left Tel by NE route when Lt Miller’s patrol entered town by main road from W. ¶ Information Matagalpa ¶ Telegraph operator took telegraph instruments in July. Have Guardias out getting information where he is. Tel line out in 7 places ¶ Cossack Post and Pick up station established on [unreadable] yds W of Tel. ¶ Reconnaince [Reconnaissance] patrol reported bandit activity near Carbonal which natives call Santo Domingo 2 1/2 L N of Telpaneca. Report received Sept 6, 1927. Bandit Group reported in [unreadable] Cucharres which natives call San Juan 2 1/2 L. N. of Santo Domingo. Natives reported taking supplies from Tel to S. Domingo. Guardias investigating. Sept 7, 1927. ¶ Sept 7, 1927 9 a.m. Rifle firing heard N.E. of Telpaneca ¶ “ “ “ 11:30 firing heard N.W. of Tel. ¶ Rec patrol sent out brought back information that armed group under Sanchez and Augustin Flores circled town 2 1/2 Leagues N of Telpaneca; 15 Rifles and 10 machete. ¶ Information Ocotal ¶ Abraham Gutierrez, Pedro Labor Paguagua, Ocotal reported in touch with Hernandez group divided between North of Ocotal and Telpaneca. ¶ Request permission to send out Officers patrol to investigate Santo Domingo & San Juan (10 Marines 10 Guardias) for one day. ¶ Need Medical Supplies, 1 Malaria case. ¶ Need Message Book and writing paper. ¶ Reported Sept 8, 1927 7 a.m., 1 mile South of here, 6 armed men reported there, will send patrol as soon as planes leave. ¶ Have dope on Sandino spy in town carrying messages for Sandino. Will try and intercept same and place bearer under arrest. Hard to get inf here as all natives here are with and for Sandino. [...]"

September 8, 1927.  Memo from 1st Lieut. H. S. Keimling, Commanding Officer, Telpaneca, to C.O., 5th Regt., Managua, p. 2.   "[...] Request authority to continue to send out small patrol each day. Cossack Post has under observation all trails and roads leading into town. ¶ Aviation ¶ C.O. Aviation please tell me if my pick up station is O.K. will not request pick up unless necessary. ¶ Managua: ¶ Would like to receive Managua newspaper if it would be no trouble. ¶ Health of detachment good ¶ Marines and Guardias working good together on patrols. ¶ Bandits are now using recapped and hand loaded amm [ammunition]. ¶ H.S. KEIMLING, 1st Lieut, USMC ¶ Comdg. Officer, Telpaneca ¶ People left town because Hernandez group was to enter town as soon as Lt. Millers [Miller’s] patrol left Telpaneca."

September 14, 1927.  "Instructions for the use of codes and cipers," T. T. Cravens, Navy Dept., Office of Naval Operations, Washington, to C.O. Marine Detachment, American Legation, Managua.  "Op-19 ¶ (SC) A6-3(6) ¶ NAVY DEPARTMENT ¶ OFFICE OF NAVAL OPERATIONS ¶ WASHINGTON ¶ VJL ¶ 14 September 1927 ¶ From: Chief of Naval Operations. ¶ To: Commanding Officer, Marine Detachment, American Legation, Managua, ¶ Subject: Instructions for the use of codes and ciphers. ¶ Enclosure. (a) Copy of Commanding Officer, Marine Detachment, American Legation, Managua, despatch 86030930. ¶ 1. The enclosure violates paragraph 218 of C.S.P. 457. ¶ T.T. CRAVENS, ¶ By direction ¶ C O N F I D E N T I A L ¶ 122-h ¶ 1st Endorsement ¶ 27 September 1927 ¶ HEADQUARTERS SECOND BRIGADE MARINE CORPS, MANAGUA, NICARAGUA. ¶ From: The Brigade Commander. ¶ To: The Brigade Communications Officer. ¶ 1. Forwarded for a thorough investigation and report. ¶ WM.H. HOLLINGSWORTH, ¶ By direction"

1.  September 17, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927," Major Glenn E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 1.  "Headquarters, Division of Nueva Segovia, Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, Ocotal, Nicaragua, September 17, 1927. ¶ From: The Commanding Officer. ¶ To: The Chief of the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua. ¶ Via: Official Channels. ¶ Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927. ¶ Reference: Paragraph 15, Special Order #60 ¶ 1. In accordance with the provisions of the reference, I report as follows for the week ending September 17, 1927: ¶ GENERAL STATE OF TERRITORY OCCUPIED: ¶ (a) Ocotal – peaceful ¶ (b) Jicaro – peaceful ¶ (c) Intervening territory – generally peaceful. ¶ ATTITUDE OF CIVIL POPULATION TOWARD FORCES: ¶ (a) Ocotal – cordial and completely cooperative. ¶ (b) Jicaro – cordial and partially cooperative. ¶ (c) Intervening territory – apparently cordial. ¶ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: ¶ (a) Ocotal – generally very good and growing better daily. Carts are arriving frequently from Leon and the stores are becoming restocked. Peasants are coming to town from outlying districts each day with fresh provisions. ¶ (b) Jicaro – poor. Merchants are fearful of bringing in merchandise for fear Sandino will return to that city in accordance with his threat. ¶ (c) Intervening territory – good. Land owners are occupying their farms and carts are making regular trips to and from Ocotal. ¶ ATTITUDE OF PRESS: ¶ (a) No periodicals published in division. [...]"

2.  September 17, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927," Major Glenn E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 2.  "[...] Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927. (continued) ¶ FRICTION BETWEEN TROOPS AND CIVIL POPULATION: ¶ (a) None. ¶ POLICE OPERATIONS: ¶ (a) Ocotal – one arrest of individual suspected of possessing rifle and of other crimes. ¶ (b) Jicaro – no arrests. ¶ Military Operations: ¶ (a) Major Glenn E. Hayes, Guardia Nacional, with one sergeant and one private together with interpreter and another civilian Ocotal to Jicaro with pay roll September 13 and 14. ¶ (b) The same persons, augmented by one rifle squad and Guardia telegraph linesman, Jicaro to Ocotal September 17th. ¶ (c) Both patrols were accomplished without accident or incident. ¶ (d) Two patrols from Jicaro during week. One to Sabana Grande and one to Sabana Largo; both without incident. ¶ MISCELLANEOUS: ¶ (a) All information this week points to the strong influence of the bandit Sandino over the inhabitants of this department east of Jicaro and including that city. It appears that Sandino has proclaimed to the inhabitants – whether in writing or by word of mouth is not known – that he would not be responsible for the actions of his men as regards the lives and property of any persons continuing residence in cities or territories occupied by American Marines or the Guardia. Furthermore, his spies would list persons who in any way assist or fraternize with members of those forces with the view of their eventual punishment for their indiscretion when he resumes control of those areas, and which he assures them he will do. The net result of this propaganda is that the city of Jicaro is practically depopulated, only such people remaining there as have the […]"

3.  September 17, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927," Major Glenn E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 3.  "[...] Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927. (continued) ¶ […] temerity to face his threat, who have confidence in our ability to ultimately suppress him, or who have already incurred his disfavor. Those persons who are at present living in Jicaro are doing practically nothing toward the restoration of their homes or the town but are grouped together with several families to each house for their mutual protection and comfort. There are at present 105 persons in that town other than the Guardia or Marines. ¶ (b) It is my belief, and that of my officers, that Sandino is actively present in Chipote. Salgado is reliably reported to have joined there with 200 men about five days ago. Prior to that time he is reported to have had but 100 men under his personal control. Sandino keeps his “cause” before the people of the countryside by operating small bandit groups under their respective jefes who personally gain by extracting small contributions. This policy, I believe, has encouraged the organization of small independent bands of thieves who are not connected with him but who assume his name in order to relieve themselves of responsibility of their acts of vandalism. ¶ (c) Chipote or Olingo Mountain – they are synonymous – despite the several averments to the contrary, undoubtedly exists. Confirming reports from most reliable sources place it as about 2000 yards east of Santa Rosa, a small village of about six or seven houses, which is about four leagues directly east of Jicaro. Santa Rosa is reported occupied by Sandinistas of whom there are about thirty in number under the command of Fernando and Coronado Mariadaga. This report on the location of Chipote agrees in all respects with the sketch submitted by 1st Lieutenant George O’Shea at Jicaro to the Brigade Commander recently. ¶ (d) Sandino undoubtedly possesses ample supplies of canned goods from looted stores and, of course, has complete control of all foodstuffs such as beans, rice, corn and beef in the area occupied. Judging from the stray cattle observed by recent patrols and by myself, I believe he has sufficient beef in the Murra Valley to last a year. ¶ (e) The home of Damasco and Gregorio Garcia at Poterillo, two leagues east of Jicaro, was reported robbed by mounted Sandinistas who abducted their sister, Petrona, and took her to Chipote. She was released, however, and efforts will be made to get in communication with her for the purpose of obtaining information. Other reports of petty depredations east of Jicaro are of almost daily occurrence, Carmen Torrez, a former resident of Jicaro and a leader of a small band, being a particular offender. [...]"

4.  September 17, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927," Major Glenn E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 4.  "[...] Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 17, 1927. ¶ (f) Heavy bombing was heard in the vicinity of Jicaro on the following dates and at the times indicated. It is believed that this bombing was done with the view of disturbing the morale of the Jicaro garrison and not with the intention of destroying property: ¶ September 13, 8:00 am east of Jicaro. Planes were requested to reconnoitre [reconnoiter] area and reported nothing suspicious. ¶ September 13, 7:00 pm south of Jicaro. Patrol sent to Sabana Grande and reported that bombing was done in the road by a small band. No damage or casualties ¶ September 14, 6:30 pm north of Jicaro, no damage reported. ¶ September 15, 11:00 am in direction of Murra Road. No damage reported. ¶ POLITICAL SITUATION: ¶ (a) Liberal: ¶ Señor Don Jose Francisco Moncada appointed Jefe Politico and Commandante de Armas of Department of Nueva Segovia on September 10, 1927, vice Major Glenn E. Hayes, Guardia Nacional, temporarily, acting. Accepted appointment and was sworn into office on September 11, 1927. ¶ (b) Conservative: ¶ No changes. ¶ Glenn E. Hayes. ¶ Distribution: ¶ Chief of Guardia Nacional, ¶ Confidential file."

September 19, 1927.  Letter from 2nd Lt. Kenneth B. Chappell, Pataste, to Captain R. W. Peard.  "POTASTE ¶ 19 September 1927. ¶ Captain Peard:- ¶ Have information of a band located a league and a half from MAL PASO. This information has been verified by a couple of other sources and I believe it is reliable. This band is located 200 yards across the Honduras border. They are staying at the Hacienda of the Jefe Politico of CHOLUTECA but as to whether he is in with them, I cannot say; but have reasons to believe that he knows they are there and what they are doing. From this location they cross into Nicaragua and do asthey [as they] please then return where we cannot follow. ¶ I have here now a man from MAL PASO, who is a Juez de Mesta; this man was robbed by this band and knows their exact location. This is one of the several reports in regard to this band, but due to their location, I have been unable to do anything. ¶ Any action that you might wish me to take in this matter you can send a note by the man that delivers this. The man with this note, Luis Fiallos, is thoroughly familiar with conditions and can give you any information you may wish. ¶ CHAPPELL."

September 22, 1927.  Letter from S. Milon, Providence, R.I., to US Consul A. J. McConnico, Bluefields.  "Providence, Sept 22nd 1927 ¶ Hon. Mr. McConnico, ¶ U.S. Consul, ¶ Bluefields, Nic. ¶ Honorable Sir: ¶ Your message by Mr. Nat Kloch has just been received. Please send me instructions concerning evidence required. ¶ I should like to state a few facts that may help some. ¶ General Viquez is personal witness that I was shot while forced on a commission by his comand [command] on May 20th, 1926. General Viquez took statment [statement] of these facts and personally promised me to see that I was compensated for the damage. ¶ General Arguello was in charge of Rama when my house was distroyed [destroyed]. He knows all the details of how it was broken down and used for Firewood, Coffins, andfor [and for] building Camps on the hills. Considering this, I should think that the same Generl [General] Gustavo Arguello would be the proper witness to sign these papers of mine. If I had to go to Managua to remind himof [him of] these things that would entail a lot of expence [expense] that I can’t afford. Why could’nt [couldn’t] these facts be brought to his recollection and have him sigh [sign] the papers there in Managua by mail¿ If it should be so necessary to get other officials that was in Rama at the time I could get a few here. ¶ As to the Looting of the two houses that had my things, every body in Rama can be my witnesses, and some who are in Bluefields now. ¶ Should I be deprived of my property, my tools by which I made an honest living, because of the various obstacles that are being put in the way by the Commission of Reclamas, making it more inconvient [inconvenient] for me to get my money¿ I am just now down and out and can’t undergo any further expence [expense]. My only hope is in you that you will try your utmost to get this money for me. ¶ I am awaiting your instruction at the earliest moment. ¶ Yours truly ¶ Address. ¶ S. Milon, ¶ c/o John Driscall, ¶ Providence. R/E"

September 22, 1927.  "Record of events for period 0000 Sep 27 to 2400 21 Sep 27," Captain H. M. Shaw, C.O. Chinandega.  "Twentieth Company, 3rd Battalion, 5th Regiment, ¶ Second Brigade, Marine Corps, Chinandega, Nic., ¶ 22 September 1927. ¶ Record of events for period 0000 15 Sep 27 to 2400 21 Sep 27. ¶ Map: Nicaragua (HAM) - 1:500000, 1924. ¶ LOCATION OF OUTLYING DETACHMENTS ¶ Chichigalpa, San Antonio, El Viejo and Somotillo. ¶ 1 man on detached duty at Field Hospital, La Moca. ¶ LOCATION OF MAIN BODY¶ Chinandega. ¶ DUTIES PERFORMED ¶ Train guard, garrison of town and points along lines of communication, maintaining order and guaranteeing personal and property rights to residents of District. ¶ STRENGTH AVAILABLE ¶ Officers ¶ Enlisted ¶ Total ¶ 2 ¶ 79 ¶ 82 ¶ On leave. ¶ 1 ¶ WEATHER FOR PERIOD ¶ Warm days and rainy nights. ¶ CONDITION OF ROADS ¶ Bad. ¶ EVENTS (General) ¶ Conditions extremely quiet during period. One bull cart with escort arrived from Somotillo on 17th and returned on 18th with clothing and stores for Somotillo Detachment. Report received that band of approximately ten armed men have been operating (extortion and thievery accompanied by considerable brutality) in the vicinity of Posoltega. Strong patrol of Guardia has been sent out after this band from Chichigalpa and the Non-Commissioned Officer in Charge of Marine Outpost at that place has been instructed to lend all possible assistance to the Guardia if called upon. Four Marines with Guardia patrol pursuing this band. ¶ [first initial unreadable, possibly “H” or “N”]. M. SHAW ¶ Captain, U. S. M. C., ¶ Commanding District of Chinandega, Nic."

1.  September 24, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 24, 1927," Glen E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 1.  "Headquarters, Division of Nueva Segovia, Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, Ocotal, Nicaragua, September 24, 1927. ¶ From: The Commanding Officer. ¶ To: The Chief of the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua. ¶ Via: Official Channels. ¶ Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 24, 1927. ¶ Reference: Paragraph 15, Special Order #60. ¶ 1. In accordance with the provisions of the reference, I report as follows for the week ending September 24, 1927: ¶ GENERAL STATE OF TERRITORY OCCUPIED: ¶ (a) Ocotal – peaceful ¶ (b) Jicaro – peaceful ¶ (c) Intervening territory – generally peaceful – bands retreating from Telpaneca area are reported to have passed through this area but no contact has been secured by our patrols. ¶ Attitude of Civil Population: ¶ (a) No change. ¶ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: ¶ (a) Ocotal – good. Carts are not moving to and from Leon due to bad weather. Investigation discloses that this lack of movement is not due to fear of bandits. ¶ (b) No change in other districts. ¶ ATTITUDE OF PRESS: ¶ (a) No periodicals published in division. ¶ (b) Copy of Revista Ariel printed at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, under date of September 1, 1927, and containing a signed article by the bandit SANDINO and other pro-Sandino propaganda is enclosed. The article on page 962 of that copy originating from Telpaneca is reported to have been written by one Lola Matamores, an ardent admirer of Sandino, who resides in that city. I suggest subscription to such Honduranian [Honduran] periodicals as you may deem appropriate. [...]"

2.  September 24, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 24, 1927," Glen E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 2.  "[...] Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 24, 1927. (continued) ¶ Friction Between Troops And Civil Population: ¶ (a) None ¶ POLICE OPERATIONS: ¶ (a) The following prisoners were released upon receipt of written orders from the criminal judge of this district: ¶ September 21, 1927: ¶ Julian Rodriguez – acquitted and furnished bond pending review of case by higher court. ¶ September 22, 1927: ¶ Narcisco Hernandez – same as Rodriguez. ¶ Demetrio Lopez – insufficient evidence. ¶ (b) The Director of Police conferred with the Medico de Sanidad of this department with the view of requiring all inhabitants of cities to install toilet facilities in their houses. Very few houses in this city and in Jicaro have those facilities which is believed to be largely responsible for the prevalence and spread of amoebic dysentery. The results of this conference are still pending. ¶ MILITARY OPERATIONS: ¶ (a) A patrol of one rifle squad left Ocotal at 8:00 AM September 19, 1927, and arrived at Jicaro on September 20, 1927. This patrol engaged in telegraph line maintenance enroute. The non-commissioned office in command reported that no armed persons were encountered and that depredations were reported by inhabitants along the route. ¶ (b) Two patrols were made during the week by Lieutenant Bruce with one rifle squad accompanying him. The first to El Cacao, three miles toward San Albino Mine from Jicaro, reported the area quiet with no depredations. The second, the same distance toward Murra and with the same report. ¶ (c) Search for a suitable landing field, emergency or otherwise, in the vicinity of Jicaro is being continued. ¶ (d) A patrol of ten marines under the command of Lieutenant James H. Satterfield, Guardia Nacional, arrived at Ocotal at 9:30 PM September 20, 1927, from Telpaneca with Raso Fernando Acuna #119, wounded in the action at that place. Raso Acuna was transferred to Managua for hospitalization by plane on September 21, 1927. Satterfield brought airplane pick ups that planes were unable to lift and which were transmitted to your office in code. [...]"

3.  September 24, 1927.  "Intelligence report for the week ending September 24, 1927," Glen E. Hayes, C.O. Ocotal, to Chief of the G.N., Managua, p. 3.  "[...] Subject: Intelligence report for the week ending September 24, 1927, (continued). ¶ (e) Same patrol under same officer left Ocotal at 8:30 AM September 22, 1927 for Telpaneca via Pueblo Nuevo taking with them Lewis machine guns and ammunition for the Third Company, Guardia Nacional. Their arrival at Pueblo Nuevo and acknowledgment of receipt of arms and ammunition was reported by the commanding officer of that company by telegraph the same evening. ¶ MISCELLANEOUS: (a) Heavy bombing was heard in the direction of Telpaneca in the early evening on September 20, 1927. ¶ (b) Anastacio Hernandez, conservative, with a small band is reported to be operating to the north and west of this city. No specific depredations have been reported. ¶ (c) Salgado is reported to have been wounded in the chest in the action at Telpaneca. ¶ (d) Bandits have been reported concentrating at San Albino Mine during the week. ¶ (e) Refugee family from San Juan de Telpaneca reports that Sandino intends to attack Jicaro next. ¶ (f) General situation as to Sandino’s influence over the inhabitants of this department as stated in my report of September 17th, is unchanged. ¶ (g) About thirty (30) persons are sleeping in the quarters of the Guardia Nacional in this city for protection. ¶ Glenn E. Hayes."

September 26, 1927.  Memo on Emiliano Chamorro from US Minister Charles Eberhardt, Managua, to Sec. State, Washington, p. 1.  "Monday, ¶ September 26, 1927. ¶ NICARAGUA ¶ Received letter from General Chamorro, advising that he is coming to Washington tomorrow. ¶ Tuesday, ¶ September 27, 1927. ¶ General Chamorro called with Mr. Zavala at the office late this afternoon, and we discussed the situation and arranged about having him meet some of the people here to whom he wants to give information about Nicaraguan matters. He told me that Minister Eberhardt before leaving Nicaragua had informed the leaders of the Conservative Party that the State Department wanted them to eliminate General Chamorro as a candidate in the next election, and that in consequence of these suggestions, which were practically orders, he had received a letter from some of his friends advising him of the State Department’s attitude, and urging him to announce that he would not be a candidate. He said that he personally did not care whether or not he was a candidate, but that he was unwilling to take this position at the orders of the State Department, and wanted, before doing anything, to find out just what the State Department’s position was and on what grounds they were opposing him, and whether his withdrawal would not weaken his party so much that it would inevitably be defeated by the Liberals in the election. ¶ General Chamorro said that he had seen Colonel Stimson in New York, and had a long talk with him, which was pleasant but not satisfactory. Stimson told him flatly that under the Constitution he was disqualified as a candidate because no one who held the office of President during a Presidential term could be a candidate for the succeeding term. Stimson apparently admitted that this interpretation of the Constitution was not his own, but had been suggested to him by the State Department. General Chamorro explained to him that the Constitution did not apply to a President unless he was in office at the time of the election, and certainly could not apply in his case because he was neither in office now nor had the Department ever admitted that he had constitutionally held the office of President. He said that it seemed extraordinary to him that the Department should be utterly regardless of the Constitution in so far as its control of the coming elections was concerned, which is wholly unconstitutional, and at the same time should be insisting upon a far fetched and incorrect interpretation of the Constitution as applied to himself. ¶ Wednesday, ¶ September 28, 1927. ¶ General Chamorro and I called by appointment on Mr. Bennett, of the Post, and had a very satisfactory conference with him. In […]"

September 26, 1927.  Memo on Emiliano Chamorro from US Minister Charles Eberhardt, Managua, to Sec. State, Washington, p. 2.  "[...] NICARAGUA ¶ […] of the vote, and that if the Administration was not going to live up in good faith to its undertaking to insure a fair election, he would withdraw his assent and oppose the whole scheme. In conclusion he said to Chamorro that he was in favor of having him nominated as a candidate if his party wanted him, and that he would like to be informed if the Administration here was going anything to prevent that. He told the General also that he was accessible at any time, and that he must come to see him again if anything new developed in the matter. ¶ I explained to the Senator that my connection with the matter was purely as a friend of Chamorro, and that I was not representing any party or faction, and had no interest in the outcome apart from my desire to see justice done to the General, who, I thought, had up to this time been very unfairly treated, and, as a matter of fact, had never had a hearing on his side of the case either by the State Department, or by Congress, or in the press. The Senator said he had always understood that this was my position, and he was glad to have it confirmed. ¶ I then went to Mr. Bennett’s office and told him the result of the conference with Senator Borah, which pleased him exceedingly, and he said that he proposed to carry out exactly the same line in his editorial treatment of the subject. With his consent, I advised General Chamorro to put himself entirely in his hands as advisor on all political questions, and especially with reference to the publication of any propaganda material. ¶ Later I telephoned Mr. Hard, telling him the result of the conference, and he has promised to keep in touch with General Chamorro during my absence and also to find out definitely from the State Department not only what its official attitude is but also what action is being taken by the subordinates and whether or not they are opposing insidiously the Chamorro candidacy."

September 28, 1927.  Radiogram from US Consul A. J. McConnico, Bluefields, to US Minister, Managua.   "(True reading of Code Message sent to the American Legation, Managua, September 28, 1927.) ¶ MINISTER, ¶ Managua. ¶ September 28, 3 P.M. ¶ Albert Fagot wishes to ascertain if it is possible for you to intercede in his behalf in the case referred to in my report of August 10. ¶ McConnico."

September 29, 1927.  Radiogram from Dana Munro, US Legation, Managua, to US Consul A. J. McConnico, Bluefields.  "(True reading of Code Message received from the American Legation, Managua, September 29, 1927.) ¶ AmConsul, ¶ Bluefields, ¶ September 29, 10 A.M. ¶ Your September 28, 3 P.M. Please report by mail regarding the facts upon which the suit against Fagot was based and also the date of the Supreme Court decision against him with any other information throwing light on the case. ¶ MUNROE."

1.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 1.   "DEPARTMENT OF STATE ¶ DIVISION OF LATIN-AMERICAN AFFAIRS ¶ September 30, 1927. ¶ [text blocked] Nicaraguan Situation during [text blocked] Olds August 5 to October 3. ¶ [text blocked] important events in Nicaragua [text blocked] The country has been on the whole [text blocked] an absence of political developments. [text blocked] been placed under the command of [text blocked] appears to be developing into a very capable and efficient organization and has maintained order successfully. There have been one or two skirmishes with small groups of bandits headed by Sandino and Salgado. The Marines have suffered two casualties and the bandits a score or more. ¶ General McCoy arrived in Managua August 24 and left again for the United States September 13. The Department has received a little information concerning his activities and opinions and plans for the supervision of the elections and he will undoubtedly report and confer here in the near future. ¶ The […]"

2.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 2.   "[...] September 30, 1927. ¶ To: Mr. Olds ¶ From: Mr. Morgan ¶ Subject: Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3. ¶ There have been no very important events in Nicaragua during the past two months. The country has been on the whole tranquil and there has been an absence of political developments. The constabulary which has been placed under the command of Colonel Beadle, U.S.M.C., appears to be developing into a very capable and efficient organization and has maintained order successfully. There have been one or two skirmishes with small groups of bandits headed by Sandino and Salgado. The Marines have suffered two casualties and the bandits a score or more. ¶ General McCoy arrived in Managua August 24 and left again for the United States September 13. The Department has received a little information concerning his activities and opinions and plans for the supervision of the elections and he will undoubtedly report and confer here in the near future. ¶ The […]"

3.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 3.   "[...] The Conservatives in general have shown themselves definitely opposed to the candidacy of General Chamorro for the Presidency next year and have made efforts to dissuade him from running. ¶ A telegram and also a letter were sent signed by Adolfo Diaz and other leading Conservatives to Chamorro in Paris suggesting that in the interests of the party he make a definite statement that he does not choose to run in 1928. This telegram was shown to the Legation and with Mr. Eberhardt’s consent approved by the Department, the telegram contained a statement showing that it had been shown to the Legation and the Department of State. In this connection the Department sent the following important statement of policy to the Legation in a telegram dated August 22. ¶ “Diaz may state to Chamorro that he has notified the Department of State and the Legation of his message as you suggest in your 205, August 20, 9 a.m. In my opinion, he is not eligible under Article 104 of the Constitution of Nicaragua because he was de facto president and held the office during a part of the term preceding the next election. Unless the Constitution means this, it would have little effect because if one could hold the office during a part of the term, then resign and become a candidate, it would entirely nullify the intent of this provision. We refused to recognize him because he obtained the office in violation of the treaty. I think as a last resort I should be willing to notify Chamorro that the Department does not consider him eligible under the Constitution and, therefore, could not recognize him as president, should he be elected. For the present, however, it is probably sufficient for you to authorize Diaz to make the statement he requested.” ¶ Chamorro […]"

4.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 4.   "[...] Chamorro did not receive the suggestion kindly and his only reply was to resign his Ministership in Paris. He is now in Washington and seeks an interview with the Secretary, which I think should be accorded and the Department’s position should be made very plain both to General Chamorro and to Mr. Chandler Anderson, who is still his confidential adviser. I attach a memorandum on this subject which I am sending to the Secretary to-day. ¶ There was some discussion as to the rights of the Liberals to participate in the Diaz Government and holding cabinet positions. It was ascertained that no definite promises had been made to that effect during the Stimson negotiations but both the Department and Mr. Stimson felt that if a couple of capable and honest Liberals who were willing to cooperate in the Diaz Government and not act as obstructionists could be appointed to the Diaz cabinet it would have a good effect. However, no people filling all of these qualifications could be found and the Liberals finally announced that they did not care to participate in the Government and the matter was then dropped. ¶ The question of the restoration of the Magistrates of the Court of Appeals in Leon and Bluefields who had been removed by Chamorro caused considerable difficulty as it led to a dispute between the Supreme Court and Congress. However, Mr. Munro [Munroe?] now reports that this has been settled by a compromise satisfactory to both parties and the incident, I think, may be considered as closed. ¶ General […]"

5.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 5.   "[...] General Crowder went over the Electoral Law for Nicaragua and made some suggestions to General McCoy which were cabled to the latter by the Department on August 31. In general General Crowder thought the Law a good one for Nicaragua. ¶ The elections held in Nicaragua September 4 passed off quietly. The Conservatives did not contest in the Liberal districts. There have been no serious protests as to the manner in which the elections were conducted. The Marines maintained order. ¶ General Moncada is planning to visit Washington in the near future. (I believe he is already on his way.) He will unquestionably make us of the courteous treatment which he has received from the Department and Mr. Stimson to increase his own prestige with his party. Both General McCoy and Mr. Eberhardt feel that Moncada has already derived as much political advantage as he should be permitted to from our dealings with him alone as the representative of the Liberal Party and that he has been a little too successful in creating the impression that he is the choice of the United States Government as Liberal candidate, if not as President. This should be borne in mind if and when Moncada visits Washington. ¶ General McCoy sent a telegram reporting his impressions which I attach. ¶ Mr. […]"

6.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 6.   "[...] Mr. Eberhardt left on leave September 13, leaving Mr. Munro [Munroe?] in charge. ¶ The question of having the Collector of Customs take over the collection of internal revenue was discussed but it was found that the internal revenue had not in the last quarter fallen below the figure stipulated. Nevertheless the Collector General could take over the collection at the request of the Nicaraguan Government. The bankers feel that they have no legitimate reason to suggest this and that it should be done, if at all, at the request of the President of Nicaragua. They would, however, be glad to see it done. ¶ The question of new financing for Nicaragua has been the subject of considerable discussion between the Department, the Legation and the bankers. However, no definite plan has been settled upon. The Department is now awaiting suggestion from the bankers and the bankers (whom I talked with last week in New York) have not been able to agree among themselves as to what sort of a plan they are prepared to suggest and undertake. This will probably come up for serious discussion in the near future. ¶ The two attached telegrams of September 22 from Munro [Munroe?] reporting on the general condition are worth your reading and give what is presumably an accurate picture of the present situation in Nicaragua. ¶ SWM:RM"

7.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 7.   "[...] September 30, 1927. ¶ To: The Secretary ¶ From: Mr. Morgan ¶ RE: General Chamorro. ¶ My dear Mr. Secretary: ¶ Acting on the suspicion that General Chamorro in discussing his candidacy with you may try to maintain that he received some informal assurances from Mr. Eberhardt or Mr. Dennis to the effect that if he withdrew from the presidency a year ago the Department would not oppose his candidacy in 1928; or that he might pretend to have understood this to be the case. I have carefully gone over the telegrams exchanged between the Department and Managua from before the Corinto Conference until the time General Chamorro left Nicaragua and find my recollection confirmed that there is nothing in the Department’s instructions which could possibly have been so interpreted. I have also gone over the Minutes of the Corinto Conference and find no record there of any mention of Chamorro being a candidate in 1928. ¶ At the time General Chamorro turned over the Government to Sebastian Uriza Mr. Dennis telegraphed (October 30): ¶ “Chamorro as a condition to his withdrawal exacted from Diaz, Cuadra Pasos and Estrada a pledge which they brought to the Legation and signed here that they would support his candidacy in 1928. All three, especially ¶ Diaz […]"

8.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 8.   "[…] Diaz and Cuadra, were indisposed to give the pledge but told me that they felt it necessary in order to secure peaceable withdrawal of Chamorro and thereby save the situation. Diaz and Cuadra and a large majority of the conservative party speak strongly against Chamorro and I believe that as soon as Diaz takes over the government the elimination of Chamorro will be speedy and sure. The agreement is to be kept a secret by the signers and I shall decline to make any statement if questioned with regard thereto.” ¶ Of course the United States Government was not in any way a party to this agreement which was purely a personal one between certain politicians of the Conservative Party. They doubtless desired to sign it in the Legation believing that its having been signed in Mr. Dennis’ presence would make it more difficult for anyone to deny its authenticity. Dennis knew the very delicate state of affairs at that time with the question whether Chamorro would withdraw or not hanging in the balance and did not care to raise any objection to their meeting in the Legation. Chamorro would seem to have a particularly good case of bad faith against Diaz and Cuadra Pasos especially in view of their recent trlegram [telegram] and letter to Chamorro while Chamorro was in Paris begging him to withdraw his candidacy. ¶ That Dennis had no misapprehensions on the subject is borne out by a telegram from him (October 3) in which he says: ¶ “Zepeda sent another long telegram to Chamorro setting forth such nonsense as that he could deny that he had been President this year be elected in constitutional and recognized form”. ¶ At […]"

9.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 9.   "[...] At the time Chamorro resigned his military command and left the country he endeavored to obtain through the Legation a guarantee that the United States would support the Diaz Government against revolution. This of course the Department refused to do. The Department also refused to counsel Diaz to get rid of Chamorro, but authorized Mr. Eberhardt to say to Chamorro that ¶ “neither the United States Government nor yourare [yours are] demanding his withdrawal, but as it is evident that the consensus of opinion of his own party and family is to the effect that his separation from the military command is advisable if a peaceful settlement and tranquility are to be reached, you suggest that he should follow their indications, with which you concur”. ¶ (December 8) ¶ There is no record that General Chamorro asked for any assurances that the United States would not oppose his candidacy in 1928 and certainly no such assurances were ever authorized by the Department. ¶ In order to make perfectly certain that Dennis had not said anything in informal conversation with the General which might be so interpreted, or which might have been misunderstood I telephoned to Dennis in New York to ask him what, if anything, had passed between the General and himself on this subject. Mr. Dennis said that just before the General decided to leave Nicaragua he came to the Legation and in a conversation with Dennis, at which both Adolfo Diaz and Cuadra Pasos were present, and after discussing the question of American guarantees ¶ for […]"

10.   September 30, 1927.  "Developments in the Nicaraguan Situation during the absence of Mr. Olds August 5 to October 3," from Edwin V. Morgan, State Dept., to Robert Olds, State Dept., Washington, p. 10.   "[…] for the Diaz Government he went on to ask what his own situation would be and what attitude the Department would assume towards him in the future, whether he would be “prescribed” and particularly whether the Department would oppose his candidacy in 1928. To this Mr. Dennis says he replied that he could give General Chamorro no assurances whatever. The Department had not indicated what attitude it would assume towards General Chamorro in the future and could not be expected to make deals with private individuals. Mr. Dennis says he himself thoroughly understood that the Department was not willing to commit itself on this point, that he made that perfectly clear to General Chamorro and was very careful to have both Adolfo Diaz and Cuadra Pasos present as witnesses. Mr. Dennis said that he also told the General that the Department takes no interest whatever in individuals in Nicaragua but only in questions of general policy and what its policy would be in connection with the elections of 1928 Mr. Dennis could not say. ¶ Morgan ¶ SWM:RM"

NEXT PAGE