1.  October 27, 1930.  Confidential G-2 Report on Sócrates Sandino, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José, to the Adjutant General, War Department.   "CONFIDENTIAL.  Number 12.  October 27th.  For G-2.  Socrates Sandino traveling under the name of Santos Salazar arrived in Punta Arenas October 25 en route to San Jose was refused entry and continued on to Panama which we have advised."

2.  October 23, 1930.  G-2 Report on Sandino Situation, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.    "On October 20th Sandino's brother Socrates Sandino, arrived in Tegucigalpa, traveling under an assumed name.  Acting on information received from Mexico the authorities arrested him and ordered him to leave the Country immediately.  Sandino admitted his identity and stated that he was on the way to join his brother in Nicaragua.  Authorities in Central America are suspicious of this man, for the reason that in 1928 a man claiming to be Socrates Sandino appeared in Guatemala and for several weeks published radical propaganda and collected funds for the Sandino revolution.  He was expelled as a fraud, the real Socrates Sandino being at that time an automobile mechanic working in a Garage in Brooklyn.  Pending confirmation of the identity of the man expelled from Honduras, I believe it wise to consider him an imposter.  Any information as to the location of Socrates Sandino would be appreciated by this office."

3.  October 17, 1930.  G-2 Report on Indications of Collapse of Bandit Activities, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.     "During the last month all information has indicated an imminent collapse of the Sandino Movement in Nicaragua, as well as general bandit activities.  A short while ago Feliciano Centeno, an adopted son of Altamirano, surrendered to the Guardia in Jinotega.  He had been a member of Altamirano's band.  He brought definite news that Sandino had been wounded in the fight at Saguasca [Saraguasca], having been struck in the shoulder by a fragment of a bomb dropped by the plane.  Centeno states that Altamirano has been anxious for some time to surrender, and that he only continues in the field because his men had threatened to him him if he quit.  Recent Mexican newspapers state that Pedro J. Zepeda has received a letter from Sandino asking approval of his return to Mexico.  All bandits who have surrendered or been captured recently say that Sandino has lost all prestige even among his own immediate followers, and that he will have to get out of Nicaragua promptly or be captured."  [excellent example of poor & spotty intelligence; on the surrender of Feliciano Centeno Altamirano, see Top 100, Doc 56 ]

4.  October 17, 1930.   G-2 Report on Bandit Activities, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.  "On October 5th, Pedro J. Zepeda published, in Mexico City, a strong attack on Sandino for his failure to make any showing against the Marines and Guardia in his second campaign.  Dr. Zepeda states that Sandino has not won a single fight against his opponents.  This criticism is important, as Dr. Zepeda is the last and only Sandino propagandist.  On October 2nd a patrol of Guardia Nacional commanded by Captain Hunter ambushed a group of bandits near the mouth of the Cua River.  The bandits, who were coming down the river in boats, had seven men killed before they could get ashore and two more killed during the pursuit which followed.  The important feature of the bandit situation is that during the last six months contacts between bandit groups and the Guardia Nacional have been very frequent.  As the bandits try to avoid such meetings it is clear that the Guardia Nacional are now obtaining accurate information as to the movements of the bandits.  Another notable thing is that in the fights there are very seldom any losses on the part of the Guardia. ... Source - Newspapers and personal knowledge."

5.  October 10, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Will Keep On Fighting To the End," La Prensa, Oct. 8, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 1.  "G-2 Report ¶ 3850: ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations – C. A. SANDINO. ¶ 1. Further in connection with recent reports submitted under the above subject.- there is forwarded herewith translation of an article which appeared in “La Prensa” of October 8th, headed “Sandino will keep on Fighting to the end.” ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As indicated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3108. ¶ Date: Oct. 10/30."

6.  October 10, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Will Keep On Fighting To the End," La Prensa, Oct. 8, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 2.  "Translation of article appearing in “La Prensa” of October 8, 1930. ¶ SANDINO WILL KEEP ON FIGHTING IN NICARAGUA UNTIL THE END. ¶ With arms taken from the enemy he is fighting persistently. Formidable chaos. ¶ The United States will be unable to control the anarchy which will come with the electoral campaign. ¶ Vera Cruz, V.C. Reports have just arrived, addressed to General Sandino’s representative in this port, denying as absurd the rumors that the insurgent chief will abandon the fight in Nicaragua disillusioned by the defeats which the Nicaraguan patriots have suffered. ¶ Nothing could be more absurd than such reports, for, notwithstanding General Sandino is only just recovering from his wounds sustained in recent combats, he is still possessed of sufficient vigor to keep up the fight against the invaders. He says that to withdraw would amount to a shameful capitulation. ¶ The rumors are due to the fact that the American marines are being reinforced by new units, trying to drown the cry of protest by the true sons of Nicaragua who, however, will not cease for a moment in the struggle against those who have profaned their country, but on the contrary will fight more intensely every day. ¶ The reports say that in the recent fights the insurgents have succeeded in capturing a good part of the armament from the Americans, as well as food supplies. ¶ Strong political agitation in Managua. ¶ The same reports say that Sandino is well aware that there is much political agitation in Managua and that there is division among the government authorities themselves, due to grave differences regarding the presidential candidate. ¶ This situation is further aggravated by the approaching campaign for the election of senators, as the situation is reaching an acute stage and the government elements are themselves creating difficulties and are becoming estranged from each other. ¶ With all these details it is expected that the situation in Nicaragua will become more serious and that the Americans themselves will be unable to control a state of affairs which is only a prelude to formidable chaos. ¶ AGENTS ON LOOK-OUT FOR ARMS SHIPMENT ¶ Customs Bureau Informed Nicaraguan Insurgents May Be Receiving U. S. Supplies. ¶ The Customs Bureau, acting on information that Nicaraguan insurgents may be obtaining rifles and ammunition form the United States by way of Honduras, has instructed its collectors to take special precautions against such exportation. ¶ Commissioner of Customs Eble informed the collectors he had been told by the State Department that applications had been received for the shipment of “considerable amounts of small caliber rifles and cartridges to certain firms in Honduras suspected of trafficking with Nicaraguan bandits.” ¶ “The bureau is advised there appears to be reason for believing the rifles and cartridges may actually be of larger caliber than is specified in the application,” he added. Eble instructed the collectors to take special precautions “to ascertain that all shipments of arms and ammunition to Honduras are actually as represented in the permit.” . . . "

7.  October 4, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino's Cause Grows Stronger & Two Thousand More Marines are on the way to Nicaragua," La Prensa, Oct. 2, 1930, Colonel Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City.   "... The Sandino forces continue receiving arms and ammunition in abundance, which it is believed are sent from Belize across the Honduran border until they reach the hands of those fighting the Yankee invaders.  Generals Miguel Angel Ortíz and Carlos Salgado, after having left, a few days ago, a strong Sandino column threatening the town of Estelí, made a rapid movement from the proximity of Limay to the Honduran boundary, to receive another consignment of arms and cartridges.  Ortíz and Salgado defeated a band of National Guards in Quebrada de Agua, in which action the planter Cruz Osorio who had served as a spy for the Yankee marines, was killed.  The Sandino chiefs continued their victorious march, by way of San Francisco de Guajiniquilapa, occupying towns and ranches.  This raid of the Sandinistas brought panic to the partisans of the Yankee invasion, who were obliged to seek refuge in Estelí, Limay, El Sauce and Somotillo."

8.  October 2, 1930.  G-2 Report on Surrender of Feliciano Centeno, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.   "NICARAGUA ¶ POPULATION & SOCIAL ¶ No. 2700 – Public Order and Safety. ¶ Surrender of Feliciano Centeno. ¶ On September 27th the above named man, who is a brother-in-law of Pedro Altamirano, surrendered to the authorities in Managua. ¶ Among other things Centeno gave the following information concerning bandit activities:-- ¶ Sandino arrived in Nicaragua from Mexico on the 15th of June of this year. In letters which he had written to his supporters in Nicaragua before leaving Mexico he stated that he would arrive with a large quantity of arms and a large number of men. As a result the principal chiefs of the bandit groups in Segovia and the other Northern Departments moved to the Honduran Frontier to receive him. They met him in Quilali, where he arrived, not with the arms and army which he had stated, but with only 15 men and one Thompson gun. ¶ Centeno states that from then on there was constant friction among the chiefs of the bandit groups. Shortly after, near Saraguasca, Sandino was wounded by a bomb dropped by a plane. Centeno states that he saw Sandino less than a month ago, but did not talk with him. He also states that there have been numerous desertions among the bandits, both by individuals and entire groups. ¶ Finally, Centeno states that the bandits are more afraid of the planes than of anything else. Apparently the mere sound of the motors of one of the scouting planes is sufficient to throw any group into the wildest panic. ¶ Report No. 909 ¶ San José--October 2, 1930 ¶ Source – Newspapers. ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."  [NOTE:  see also  Top 100, Doc 56 ]

9.  September 24, 1930.  G-2 Translations of Mexico City newspaper articles on Sandino, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 1.   "G-2 Report ¶ 3850: ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO ¶ 1. Further in connection with recent reports submitted under the above subject, there is forwarded herewith translation of several articles appearing in the press of September 15th and 21st. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3081. ¶ Date: Sept. 24, 1930. . . . "

10. September 24, 1930.  G-2 Translations of Mexico City newspaper articles on Sandino, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p.  2.   " . . . Translation of article in “La Prensa” of Sept. 15, 1930. ¶ “APPEAL TO FOUR REPUBLICS” ¶ Cooperation is asked, to cease the struggle in the Argentine Republic. ¶ The Sandinistas continue fighting audaciously. ¶ It is not true, as reported from Managua, that General Pedro Altamirano has been defeated. ¶ Dr. Pedro José Zepeda, general representative of the “Ejercito Defensor de la Soberania Nacional de Nicaragua”, delivered to the press a copy of the message which he has sent out to the four governments of Central America on the occasion of September 15th, anniversary of the independence of the five sister republics. Dr. Zepeda stated to one of our editors that the fight against the forces of Admiral Campbell was being carried on with all violence, it being untrue that Gen. Pedro Altamirano, Chief of Staff of the Army, had suffered defeat as reported from Managua. ¶ The following message was sent to the Presidents of San Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Honduras: ¶ “The 109th anniversary of our independence inspires profound meditation respecting the attitude of your Government in face of the military occupation of Nicaragua. General Sandino, with his men, continue challenging the invader, heedless of sacrifices. Has Your Excellency given thought to a plan whereby the struggle, which alike affects the five Central American republics, can decorously be terminated? Has Your Excellency reflected upon the historic responsibility which the vacillating attitude of your Government imposes upon the people who with their votes consecrated you to patriotically guide their destinies? ¶ “The Ejercito Defensor de la Soberania Nacional de Nicaragua, which marches in the face of death with the profound conviction of duty fulfilled, demands the attention of Your Excellency to assist in ending a state of affairs prejudicial to Continental honor. ¶ “I await your immediate reply which I trust will be in accord with the principles of national ethics sustained by your Government. ¶ “Patria y Libertad, ¶ Dr. José Zepeda, ¶ General Representative of the Army.” ¶ Translation of article in “Excelsior” of Sept. 21, 1930. ¶ “New defeat of the Americans at Saraguazco. ¶ “Sandino’s troops killed five and wounded 14 in a hard-fought battle. ¶ “General Sandino himself wounded. ¶ “Another victory has been won by General Augusto Cesar Sandino, chief of the army fighting in Nicaragua against the American invaders, according to information given us yesterday by Dr. Pedro José Zepeda, representative in Mexico of that army. ¶ “The reports from headquarters –according to Dr. Zepeda’s bulletin- state that in a fight which took place in the “El Saraguazco” sector, and in which the enemy was unable to capture our positions, Gen. Sandino, Supreme Chief of our army, was wounded the second time. The indignation of the soldiers reached the pitch of madness, and without heeding the number of the enemy, they charged, and the invaders fled in complete disorder, leaving on the field of battle 14 wounded and 5 dead; also several thousand cartridges, 35 rifles, 19 pistols and a Lewis machine-gun with its ammunition. . . . "

11.  September 24, 1930.  G-2 Translations of Mexico City newspaper articles on Sandino, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 3.   " . . . Although Gen. Sandino’s wound is not serious, all medical attention possible has been given him. ¶ Generals Altamirano, Estrada, Ortiz and Irias have continued at the head of their columns in the Northern sector of the country, and besides, the following appointments have been made: ¶ Expeditionary chief in the Rio Grande sector, Gen. Adán Gómez; ¶ “ “ “ “ Puerto Cabezas zone, Gen. Adolfo Covans; ¶ “ “ “ “ Rio Coco district, Col. Abraham Rivera. ¶ These columns were organized on the 9th of this month, unfortunately on the same day Gen. Sandino was wounded, but who notwithstanding, overlooks no detail toward securing final success. ¶ Translation of article in “La Prensa” of Sept. 21, 1930. ¶ “Sandino has been wounded, in a recent combat in Nicaragua. ¶ “For the second time the chief falls wounded by the bullets of the invaders. ¶ According to the latest reports received by Dr. Pedro J. Zepeda, general representative of the Nicaraguan insurgents, in one of the recent fights which took place between the Sandinista troops and the American invaders, the rebel chief was wounded, though not seriously. ¶ (The bulletin covering the Zepeda report is identical with that copied above from “Excelsior” of Sept. 21.)."

12.  September 12, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "48 COMBATS IN ONLY FIFTEEN DAYS—An Official Bulletin of the Latest Activities of the Nicaraguan Revolutionaries Against the Army of Occupation," La Prensa, Aug. 30, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 1.   "G-2 Report ¶ 3850: ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO ¶ 1. Further in connection with recent reports submitted under the above subject, there is forwarded herewith translation of another article which appeared in “La Prensa” of Mexico City, on August 30, 1930, consisting of a bulletin furnished by Dr. Pedro Zepeda, Sandino’s representative in Mexico. ¶ 2. This translation is forwarded merely to show what is appearing in the Mexican press concerning Nicaragua. ¶ Gordon Johnston ¶ Colonel, Cavalry ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3077. ¶ Date: Sept. 12, 1930. . . . "

13.  September 12, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "48 COMBATS IN ONLY FIFTEEN DAYS—An Official Bulletin of the Latest Activities of the Nicaraguan Revolutionaries Against the Army of Occupation," La Prensa, Aug. 30, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p.  2.   " . . . Article published in “LA PRENSA” of August 30, 1930. ¶ 48 COMBATS IN ONLY FIFTEEN DAYS ¶ An official bulletin of the latest activities of the Nicaraguan revolutionaries against the Army of Occupation. ¶ Dr. Pedro J. Zepeda, representative of Sandino’s Army delivered to us last night a bulletin of the combats in different regions of Nicaragua between the Nicaraguans and the Yankee marines, showing 32 insurgents killed and 23 wounded, in the various encounters in the first half of the present month (August). ¶ Combats: By Gen. Altamirano, 6, in the following places: El Malacate, El Quebradón, Los Cedros, (2), La Colonia and El Huate. ¶ By Gen. Carlos Salgado, 3: Rio Negro, Los Robles, and El Limón. ¶ By Gen. Miguel Angel Orthéz y Guillen, 15, as follows: At El Cerco de Piedra, Quebrada, El Guineo, El Bramadero, Rio Negro, La Cabulla, Los Limones, Arado Quemado, San Francisco de Coajiniquilapa, Los Robles de Someto Grande, La Rica, Yali, El Balsamo, El Cajón, El Limón, and El Ojoche. ¶ Total, 24 combats. ¶ Losses in the expeditionary forces under Gen. Pedro Altamirano: 8 killed and 1 wounded. ¶ Under Gen. Carlos Salgado: 9 killed and [5 or 6] wounded. ¶ Under Gen. Orthéz y Guillen, 15 killed and 17 wounded. ¶ Seized from the enemy: ¶ By Gen. Altamirano: 1 Lewis machine-gun, 1 Brenis machine-gun; 30 Springfield rifles. All with their corresponding ammunition. ¶ By. Gen. Salgado: 11 Springfield rifles, with ammunition. ¶ By Gen. Orthéz: 2 Thompson machine-guns; 15 Springfield rifles; all with ammunition; also a quantity of important documents belonging to the enemy. ¶ By Gen. Altamirano: $500.00 in cash, a quantity of gold amounting to over $3,000.00; 100 mules completely saddled; 260 pistols completely equipped, and 10 cwt. of dynamite powder, with equipment. ¶ Gen. Pedro Altamirano was chosen as commander of this Supreme Jefatura of our Army. Generals Salgado and Orthéz remained with their columns in isolated regions with instructions from the Supreme Jefatura to maintain latent the fire of patriotism before the Nicaraguan people while Gen. Sandino is abroad arranging matters especially pertaining to our Army. ¶ Signed and ratified by the Supreme Chief (Sandino) and the three other leaders mentioned, August 20, 1930, at Las Segovias. ¶ At the same time there was also delivered to us copy of Dr. Zepeda’s letter to the correspondent of the United Press, as that news agency is carrying on a deceitful campaign, in its news from Managua, classing as “Bandits” the men who are defending the liberty and autonomy of their country."

14.  September 10, 1930.  G-2 Report on Recent Communistic Activities, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.    "(COPY) ¶ (10058-129) ¶ 1 ¶ CENTRAL AMERICA ¶ POPULATION AND SOCIAL ¶ No. 2900-c – Propaganda of Foreign Origin. ¶ Recent Communistic Activities. ¶ During the last three months the communists of Mexico have been making a serious effort to introduce their propaganda into practically every Central American Republic. The effects of this have already been felt in Guatemala, Honduras, and Salvador. The latter republic recently expelled five agitators, admittedly sent out by the Communist Party of Mexico. Of these, three were Poles, one a Spaniard and one a Cuban. ¶ The Governor of Belize has just expelled five agitators and jailed five more. It is established that these also had come from Mexico. Among them was said to be Agustin Marti, one of Sandino’s principal Lieutenants, recently expelled from Salvador for communistic activities. Marti, with several followers, was said to have planned to get into Nicaragua with false passports, get to Managua, and carry out a series of assassinations of leading men in the Government. ¶ In Guatemala there have recently been several instances of disorders in Indian towns, which were traced directly to the activities of communist agitators, also from Mexico. ¶ If the Government of Mexico does not take energetic steps against the known communists in the country, there will sooner or later be serious troubles at least in Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. ¶ Report No. 886 ¶ San Jose--September 10, 1930. ¶ Source – Personal knowledge. ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."

15.  September 10, 1930.  G-2 Report on Recent Bandit Activities, Major Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.  "NICARAGUA ¶ POPULATION AND SOCIAL ¶ No. 2700 – Public Order and Safety. ¶ Recent Bandit Activities. ¶ On August 20th Guardia Patrols under Lieutenant Puller and Lieutenant Lee, assisted by one of the Corsair planes, attacked the main force of Miguel Angel Ortez, at a place called Malacate, in the Guapinol area. It is estimated that there were 80 bandits in the group. Of this number two were killed by ground troops and two by the plane. Fifty two horses and mules, probably all that the bandits had, as well as four tons of roasted corn were captured. ¶ On the same date a Guardia Patrol under Captain Good met Altamirano’s main force between Guapinol and Los Cedros. In this fight one bandit was killed and two wounded out of an estimated total of fifteen. Two permanent camps were also located and destroyed, in one of them being Pedron’s own house in which were captured all of his personal belongings and considerable correspondence. There seems little doubt that Altamirano was himself wounded in this fight. ¶ The Guardia Patrols had no losses in either of these encounters. It seems evident that most of the bandits in Nicaragua are now concentrated in the Guapinol area, probably for the reason that there are exits from there into Honduras, down the Coco River, and into the uninhabited mountains North of Jinotega. ¶ The capture of Ortez’ supplies will undoubtedly force him temporarily into Honduras. ¶ Report No. 885 ¶ San José--September 10, 1930 ¶ Source – Newspapers and personal knowledge. ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."

16.  August 26, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Nicaraguan Women and the Bestiality of the Marines," La Prensa,, Aug. 22, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 1.   "G-2 Report ¶ 3850: ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO. ¶ 1. Further in connection with recent reports submitted under the above subject, there is now forwarded translation of an article which appeared in “La Prensa” of Mexico City on August 22, 1930, entitled “Nicaraguan Women and the Bestiality of the Marines”. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3059. ¶ Date: Aug. 26, 1930.- . . . "

17.  August 26, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Nicaraguan Women and the Bestiality of the Marines," La Prensa, Aug. 22, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 2.   " . . . (Translation) ¶ Article appearing in “LA PRENSA” of Mexico City, August 22, 1930. ¶ THE NICARAGUAN WOMEN, AND THE BESTIALITY OF THE MARINES. ¶ A Wave of Energetic Protests. ¶ Prisoners subjected to the cruellest [cruelest] tortures. ¶ The Sandinistas have recently been forcing the Yankee detachments to retreat. ¶ Beautiful and virtuous Nicaraguan señoritas are still being made the victims of the officers of the Yankee marines, which occupy nearly all the States of Nicaragua, and to the outrages perpetrated with señora Leonor de Brookman and the kidnapping of the señorita Maria Teresa Morice, we have now to add the scandal produced by the infamous persecutions to which the beautiful señorita Dolores Matamoros, of Nuevo Segovia [Nueva Segovia] has been subjected, who, on account of rejecting the dishonorable proposals of a lieutenant in the Yankee marines, was accused by him of being a sympathizer and spy of the elements under the command of Gen. Sandino. ¶ Señorita Matamoros was forcibly taken away from her home and threatened with terrible tortures if she refused to accede to the insulting proposals of the Yankee marine into whose hands she had fallen, and she was taken, escorted by National Guards, from her home in Nuevo Segovia [Nueva Segovia], to the city of León as a prisoner said to be in connivance with the Sandinistas. ¶ In spite of the protests of all the honorable families of Nuevo Segovia [Nueva Segovia], Señorita Matamoros was taken to León, and this vile act having produced such a terrible impression, appeals have been coming from all parts of the country to the Minister of Gobernación, Dr. Julian Irías, to have this insult to a defenceless woman, punished. ¶ The reiterated appeals in favor of señorita Matamoros and the protests from all Nicaraguan families, reached the Gobernación Minister, Dr. Irias, who, after the accused had been kept for several weeks in a prison in León, was obliged to give her a safe conduct in order to go to Managua and explain to President Moncada the true cause of the vengeance to which she was subjected by an officer of the American marines. ¶ Señorita Matamoros reached Managua, where she was received by a large gathering of people who held an anti-Yankee demonstration, and she is now waiting in Managua to be received by President Moncada from whom she will shortly ask justice and the punishment of the Yankee officer who persecutes her and has resorted to conduct unbecoming a gentleman and marine in order to antagonize a helpless woman who has done no wrong beyond defending her honor. ¶ Justice is beginning to be shown to many who have been slandered. ¶ The reprisals of the Yankee marines against honorable persons in different cities of Nicaragua who aroused their ire through defending their wives, daughters, mothers, and sweethearts from their lust,- reprisals which have taken the form of imprisonments in León,- are beginning to be investigated. The publicity which has been given in all Spanish-speaking countries to the brutalities of the North American invaders, has had its effect. . . . "

18.  August 26, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Nicaraguan Women and the Bestiality of the Marines," La Prensa, Aug. 22, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 3.    " . . . Capt. Johnson himself, chief of the so-called electoral commission, has been obliged to ask President Moncada to call to Managua Abraham Gutierrez Lobo, Luis Paniagua and Abelino Herrera, who had been “confined” in León,- as they were innocent of the stupendous crimes charged against them by the Yankee marines. ¶ The truth of the Outrages is confirmed. ¶ The Minister of Gobernación, Sr. Irías, ordered an investigation of the outrage committed by Lt. Nichols and three other lieutenants of the Yankee Marines, who forcibly took señorita Mria [Maria] Teresa Morice from her father’s home to deliver her over to Lt. Stanley, and when their culpability was proven, he asked for their punishment. ¶ That the outrage was in fact committed, which caused tremendous indignation and had to be expiated by the marriage of Stanley and the señorita Morice and the punishment of the kidnappers, is shown by the daily paper “La Noticia” of Managua, of Liberal affiliation and the party organ of President Moncada, which in its edition of Thursday August 14th stated as follows: ¶ “The Dismissal of Capt. Nichols and 3 Lieutenants was ordered. ¶ “As we announced in our earlier edition, the Secretary of Gobernación, upon instructions of the President of the Republic, transmitted yesterday to the Commander of the National Guard, Gen. McDougal, documentary proof of the offense of Capt. Nichols and three other officers, accompanied by a note asking for the immediate dismissal from the army of the American officers responsible, in this distressing incident. ¶ “The Government, in asking these dismissals, carries out a just disposition. ¶ “Protest of the Italian Colony,- Don David Morice received yesterday, from Rivas, the following telegram: ¶ ‘General indignation matter of David Morice. Italian colony forwarded protest to Gen. Moncada for this outrage’. ¶ Unspeakable Martyrdom of the Poet Lino Argüello. ¶ Another crime of the Yankee marines in Nicaragua is that which is being committed with the inspired and exquisite poet Lino Arguello, who has also been confined in the deadly dungeon of León for the crime –which could not be proven- of having written a vibrant poetic composition anathematizing the Yankee invasion,- the true reason for these persecutions being the fact that a Yankee lieutenant tried to claim a señorita who is in love with the Nicaraguan poet. ¶ As revenge, the poet Arguello was interned in a filthy prison in León and there the marines tortured him by injections of poisonous drugs and compelling him to inhale other enervating substances, to bring about slow death. ¶ As now in Nicaragua the inhabitants do not remain silent before the outrages and crimes of the Yankee invaders, all the newspapers of León, upon the iniative [initiative] of the daily “El Centroamericano”, are about to petition the Chief of the National Guard, Gen. McDougal, to have the unfortunate poet Argüello transferred to a hygienic cell of the carcel of Managua where he will not be kept slowly dying and where he will be given medical attention to see if it is possible to save his life. ¶ Two New Acts of Terror. ¶ We have received important data, in full detail, of new acts of terror committed by the Yankee marines in Nicaragua, which . . . "

19.  August 26, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Nicaraguan Women and the Bestiality of the Marines," La Prensa, Aug. 22, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 4.      " . . . show their hostility toward everyone in that Central American republic who does not show himself to be an ardent partisan of the Protectorate of the United States which was imposed there by force. ¶ Eight Nicaraguan citizens named Miguel Molina, Juán Escobar, Daniel Valdivia, Teodoro Martinez, Julian Reyes, Julio Olivares, Nicholás Mendoza, and Jeremías Linares, were accused, and although during the terrible trial to which they were subjected absolutely nothing could be proven of their participation in that crime (nature of crime not stated) and they were put to horrible tortures by the Yankee marines,- so terrible that Linares died, mangled and martyrized by shocking mutilations,- yet nothing was proven. ¶ Such scandal was aroused over the way in which the military authorities of David, in the Panama Canal Zone, treated five of the accused (as two of them, Escobar and Méndez, could not be captured), that the Nicaraguan Minister in Panama had to ask the President of that Republic to allow the accused to be tried before the judicial authorities of Panama, as it could not be tolerated that those innocent persons should come again into the hands of their tormentors. ¶ The crime was committed when the paymaster of the Chiriqui Land Co. went in a gasoline launch from Puerto Armuelles to La Esperanza, and although it is known that the assailants were Yankee marines, the crime was blamed to Nicaraguans. ¶ New Offensive of the Sandinistas. ¶ Another offensive has been carried out in Nicaragua by Sandinista elements commanded by Generals Miguel Angel Cortez [Miguel Angel Ortez] and Pedrón Altamirano, with the result that their advance in the first ten days of August has caused serious alarm among all the sympathizers of the Yankee invasion in the city of Matagalpa. ¶ Gen. Cortez [Ortez] took the hacienda of Río Tuma, where the Yankee marines had an outpost, seizing food supplies, money, horses and mules, and took prisoner the owner, Sr. Ignacio Castellón, who had shown terrible hostility to the Sandinistas. ¶ On August 7th the same Gen. Cortez [Miguel Angel Ortez] took the hacienda of Don Alberto Vogel, another Yankee outpost, and the marines were compelled to retreat, reporting to Managua that the Sandinistas were perfectly armed and munitioned, with modern rifles of various calibers and five machine guns. ¶ Sr. Vogel was not molested in the least, as, being taken before Gen. Cortez [Ortez], the latter said to him: ¶ “We are going to show you and all who sympathize with the Yankee invasion, that we are not bandits as the news agencies of the United States call us in their cables all over the world. We are only some patriots fighting that Nicaragua may be free and independent. You are given absolute liberty, through your German citizenship; but if you were Yankee we would have already knifed you.” ¶ Later Gen. Cortez [Ortez] advanced, via Matiguas, to take the hacienda of Don Alberto Sullivan, where he seized the arms, ammunition and four mules, which the Yankee marines had there."

20.  August 22, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Atrocities Being Committed In Nicaragua—The Criminal Outrages Committed By the Fair-Skinned Invaders In an Unfortunate Republic Are Being Denounced To the Civilized World," La Prensa, Aug. 16 & 18, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 1.   "G-2 Report ¶ 3850: ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO. ¶ 1. Further in connection with recent reports submitted under the above subject, there is now forwarded translation of two articles appearing respectively in the “Prensa” of Mexico City on August 16 and 18, 1930. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3054. ¶ Date: Aug. 22, 1930. . . . "

21.  August 22, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Atrocities Being Committed In Nicaragua—The Criminal Outrages Committed By the Fair-Skinned Invaders In an Unfortunate Republic Are Being Denounced To the Civilized World," La Prensa, Aug. 16 & 18, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 2.   " . . . (Translation) ¶ From La Prensa, Aug. 16/30 ¶ Atrocities being committed in Nicaragua ¶ The criminal outrages committed by the fair-skinned invaders in an unfortunate republic are being denounced to the civilized world. ¶ The Government of the United States is about to establish a powerful naval base in the Golf [Gulf] of Fonseca, in Nicaraguan territory, by a concession just granted by President Moncada. ¶ Admiral Campbell went to Managua a few days ago, according to news transmitted to this capital yesterday, and, in conference with President Moncada, attended by the Yankee Minister in Nicaragua Mr. Hanna, the Chief of the Nicaraguan National Guard, Gen. Douglas McDougal, and the Chief of the Yankee marines, Col. Boardman,- Admiral Campbell laid before President Moncada the instruction which he brought from the Navy Department at Washington to proceed immediately with the establishment of a great naval base in the Golf [Gulf] of Fonseca, with or without the permission of the Government of Costa Rica. ¶ Admiral Campbell stated to President Moncada that he would proceed immediately to the construction of that naval base, which was necessary for the United States in order to have a base of operations in the Pacific for the defense of the Panama Canal on that side. ¶ The Yankee Marines are Highway Robbers. ¶ Throughout the Republic of Nicaragua there is unanimous animosity against the Yankee marines and the so-called National Guard which has been formed by the invaders of the unfortunate Central American republic, because they have become veritable highway robbers, respecting absolutely nothing; they rob, assault, and kill, when it pleases them. ¶ The last two offense of the Yankee invadors [invaders] which have caused general indignation throughout Nicaragua, have been the assault perpetrated personally by Capt. H. T. Nichols, Chief of the National Guard of Rivas. This was an attempt to forcibly take a señorita, daughter of señor Morice, to turn her over to Lt. Standell for his mistress. When. Capt. Nichols, pistol in hand, broke into the home of señor Morice and vilely insulted señora Morice, insisting that the señorita Morice be delivered to him, the Yankee lieutenant, Chirles, also pistol in hand, went to the social club of Rivas and threatened to kill Humberto Morice, brother of the señorita which the Yankee marines wanted to prostitute. ¶ Neither President Moncada, nor Gen. McDougal supreme chief of the so-called National Guard, have paid any attention to the protests that all the society of Rivas have sent to them, asking, if not the punishment of those soulless and criminal officers of the United States Navy,- at least that they be removed from the place. ¶ Gen. McDougal, with greatest cynicism virtually told a committee of women who visited him to complain of those unspeakable outrages: ¶ “A savage Indian, as are all Nicaraguan women, should be honored to have an American man; it is the greatest honor for her.” ¶ These phrases are considered the greatest outrage that could be inflicted on a Nicaraguan woman. . . . "

22.  August 22, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Atrocities Being Committed In Nicaragua—The Criminal Outrages Committed By the Fair-Skinned Invaders In an Unfortunate Republic Are Being Denounced To the Civilized World," La Prensa, Aug. 16 & 18, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 3.   " . . . Scandalous Assault in the City of Managua. ¶ Another scandalous act which shows what Americans are capable of in the countries under their control is the brutal assault committed with the honorable señora doña Lucia de Brockman and her children on Sunday, the 3rd of this month, at nine in the evening. It was robbery with violence, committed by the Yankee marines, with the added aggravating circumstance that it was committed in the capital itself, the city of Managua. The marines, their faces covered with handkerchiefs with the Yankee flag, robbed señora de Brockman of fifteen dollars and threatened to violate her daughter and assassinate her sons. ¶ Notwithstanding the fact that the Yankee chief of police captured one of the assailants, who turned out to be an officer of the Aviation Corps, he was later put in absolute liberty. ¶ Señora de Brockman has energetically denounced this savage assault, as well as the impunity which her assailants enjoy, as follows: ¶ “I know very well that an assault of this brutal nature would not go unpunished in the great Republic of the United States, and those who committed it would even be lynched by an indignant mob; the police would have exhausted all their energies in finding out the guilty persons. I cannot understand why in Nicaragua, a country of culture and ‘friend’ of the United States, the forces of occupation under Admiral Campbell allow such an enormous crime to go unpunished. It is perhaps that Admiral Campbell is as criminal and soulless as his subordinates? It appears so.” ¶ She closed her protest by saying that she offers, placing at the disposition of Admiral Campbell –not for herself, but to safeguard her compatriots- a sufficient sum of money to investigate the crime and, as an example, punish the delinquent marines. ¶ A Plane from the United States, en route to Nicaragua will land here. ¶ It carries no war materials, but Yankee officers; ¶ Terrible espionage. The situation in Nicaragua, where Moncada’s troops are deserting, and the American troops are being annihilated, is very serious. ¶ The situation in Nicaragua is demanding careful study by the American Government, which is seriously concerned by the aspect it takes day by day, and which is complicated by the defection of President Moncada’s troops, and the annihilation of the Yankee guards by the insurgents commanded by Sandino. ¶ The latest news received in this capital (Mexico City) indicate that general discontent has taken possession of all Nicaraguans in view of the cruel procedure followed by the American troops of occupation, to such an extent that now the Yankee authorities show lack of confidence in their own troops, exercising very severe espionage to avoid ambush and treason from their own functionaries. ¶ The news received in Washington are so alarming in this respect that the Government of the White House has decided to send a band of scouts, that by means of airplanes they can learn the true conditions of the American marines and Sandino rebels, by making flights over the territory dominated by the latter. ¶ In effect, we are reliably informed that the American Government, through proper channels, has requested the Mexican authorities to permit a Yankee Marine trimotor “Fokker”, piloted by Capt. Mulcanny, to land at some point in this country, at the end of August, en route to Nicaragua to carry out its first scouting flights. ¶ Upon applying for this permission from our authorities assurance is given that the apparatus (plane) carries no arms nor photographic materials (cameras), but that the landing will be principally for refuelling [refueling]. It is not yet known whether our Government will give the desired permit, although it is assured that the reply will be in the affirmative. . . . "

23.  August 22, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Atrocities Being Committed In Nicaragua—The Criminal Outrages Committed By the Fair-Skinned Invaders In an Unfortunate Republic Are Being Denounced To the Civilized World," La Prensa, Aug. 16 & 18, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 4.   " . . . (Translation) ¶ Article appearing in “La Prensa” of Mexico City on August 18, 1930. ¶ “THE YANKEE INFERNO IS IN NICARAGUA”. ¶ “The Marines are still committing the most atrocious outrages.” ¶ The last outrage committed by the Yankee marines in the city of Rivas, second in importance in Nicaragua, which aroused such indignation among all social classes of the nation,- that of carrying off, by force, the beautiful señorita Maria Teresa Morice, almost a child, from her father’s home, to be given over to Lieut. Stanley,- culminated in a further outrage perpetrated by the Yankee marines against the Italian flag, which insult the American Minister, Mr. Hanna, is vainly attempting to repair. ¶ Sr. David Morice, father of the young girl abducted by United States Navy officers, denounced the act before the Judge of the Criminal Court and the Minister of Gobernacion in the Cabinet of President Moncada, declaring that Capt. Nichols and three other officers broke into his house at eleven o’clock Sunday morning, the 3rd of this month, to take away by force his young daughter the señorita Maria Teresa. Sr. Morice stated that it was a brutal outrage and the more so since it was committed by officers of the National Guard which he understood had been instituted for the protection of citizens, and not to threaten and scandalize, as they had done. He stated that he was an Italian, and had told these officers so, and even placed the flag of his country at the door of his inside rooms, but the marines replied that the Italian flag meant nothing to hem, and they passed on in, treading upon the flag. ¶ The marines upon meeting such energetic resistance, called in other officers, and Lt. Stanley and Lt. Kesseler came to their aid, with a picket of National Guards of native Nicaraguans, and they proceeded to slap and insult women and children. Capt. Nichols even ordered a picket of seven Nicaraguan Guards to shoot upon the Morice family, when señora Hercillia Gaboardi fell on her knees before the Guards and implored them not to commit the crime of firing, crying “Let the Yankee assassinate; you are Nicaraguans; don’t fire.” ¶ The mother of don David Morice, an old woman of over eighty, also a small daughter of Sr. Morice, had already received blows from the Yankee officers. Sr. Morice has reported the atrocity to Dr. David Campari, Italian Consul, who has presented an energetic protest to the Moncada Government and to the Yankee Minister, Hanna. ¶ The outrages of the American officers did not stop here, but they kidnapped Dr. don Adolfo Morice, recently graduated in Philadelphia, because they surprised him in the act of sending telegrams, a few minutes after the incident, to President Moncada and Gen. McDougal, Chief of the National Guard, denouncing the act and asking guarantees. ¶ These attacks, committed at eleven o’clock in the day and in a city of the importance of Rivas, the second in Nicaragua, have provoked general consternation, and bitter protests have already been sent to President Moncada asking the energetic punishment of the guilty persons, and at the same time demanding guarantees for many families, as it is well known that a number of Yankee officers intend to follow the same procedure in order to take as their mistresses, distinguished señoritas belonging to honorable families. The American Minister, in face of the general indignation aroused by this abduction, and to quiet the terrible protests pouring in from all parts of the country, has attempted to give the matter a legal aspect, claiming that it was perpetrated upon orders of the Judge of the Department, who ordered that Señorite [Señorita] Morice be taken from . . . "

24.  August 22, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Atrocities Being Committed In Nicaragua—The Criminal Outrages Committed By the Fair-Skinned Invaders In an Unfortunate Republic Are Being Denounced To the Civilized World," La Prensa, Aug. 16 & 18, 1930, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 5.   " . . . her home and demanded that Lieut. Stanley marry her immediately, even if divorcing or abandoning her later. ¶ Stanley was obliged to marry Señorita Morice, but this has not checked the indignation of all Nicaraguan families, who see their honor and their daughters threatened, by officers of the Yankee Navy."

25.  August 20, 1930.  G-2 Report on Guardia Activities During July, Lt. Col. Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.     "NICARAGUA ¶ POPULATION & SOCIAL ¶ No. 2700 – Public Order and Safety. ¶ Guardia activities during July. ¶ During the month of July the Guardia had 14 fights with rather large groups of bandits. The result of the encounters was 19 bandits killed, 17 wounded and 8 captured. The guardia had three men wounded. ¶ The latest contact reported was on August 7th, near a locality called Nance Dulce, in the Northern Area, where a patrol of Guardia Nacional attacked a group of 45 bandits headed by Pedro Salgado. Six bandits were killed and two captured, but Salgado got away. Among those killed were two minor chiefs of Sandino known as General Button and Colonel Pulmazon. ¶ After the fight the patrol commander sent a small detachment to reconnoitre the vicinity and they found six wounded bandits who had been left behind. All of them died before they could be brought in to the detachment station. ¶ All indications are that Sandino himself is in the vicinity of Totecasinte, and that he does not dare to come very far into Nicaraguan territory. ¶ Report No. 848 ¶ San José--August 20, 1930 ¶ Source – Newspapers. ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."

26.  August 19, 1930.  G-2 Report on Nicaraguan Revolutionists, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 1.     "G-2 Report ¶ 3850-a ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations ¶ C. A. SANDINO ¶ 1. Forwarded herewith is a report entitled “Nicaraguan Revolutionists”, which is self-explanatory. ¶ 2. A further report will be submitted, after investigation of the persons mentioned as residing in Mexico. ¶ Gordon Johnston ¶ Colonel, Cavalry ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3049. ¶ Date: Aug. 19, 1930. . . ."

27.  August 19, 1930.  G-2 Report on Nicaraguan Revolutionists, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 2.     " . . . Nicaraguan Revolutionists. ¶ On August 15, 1930 a man presented himself at the home of the M/A stating that his name was Lt. Col. S. Valero, a Cuban, formerly of the Cuban Army, and had served in some capacity in the United States during the World War. He stated that he was intimate with friends of Dr. José Zepeda, representative of Sandino here in Mexico, and in a position to furnish valuable information. Also he proposed a plan whereby an expedition, of limited numbers, say twenty-five or thirty men, could be organized in Cuba under the pretense of offering their services to Sandino, and engaging to capture or kill him upon their arrival at his headquarters. ¶ As this man was entirely unknown to the M/A, he was herely told that we were not particularly interested in Sandino; that the country occupied by him was a wild, mountainous district, practically uninhabited, where there had always been guerrilla bands; that if Sandino were not the leader, some other “guerrillero” of similar type would take his place; and that up to the present time Sandino, outside of his propaganda activity, has not shown any such qualities as a military leader as to give us any concern. ¶ Valero seemed disappointed at the M/A’s statement of the case and said that he thought he could get information which would be valuable. In reply, the M/A told him that we might be interested in accurate information as to the sources from which money or arms were supplied to Sandino, and the means by which this was done. ¶ Although Valero had assured the M/A that he was without work and at the end of his means, it happened a few days later that the M/A was in the Department of Education and happened to observe him coming out of one office and entering another, without his hat, and with every appearance of being engaged there is some work. ¶ On August 16, 1930 he left a pencilled [penciled] note at the M/A’s home to the following effect (literal translation): ¶ “Rafael de Egaña, citizen of Nicaragua, in Havana, furnished all kinds of news items which favor Sandino. ¶ “Dr. Alvaro Caldevilla, Edificio Carreño, Cuban, 22; representative of Sandino in Cuba. ¶ “Abelardo Besada, confidential agent of the United States in Havana, sympathizer of the Sandino cause. ¶ “Correspondence does not come direct to Mexico, because it is opened, but is deposited in the mail boxes on board, in Managua, and other times via Havana and Honduras. ¶ “In San Pedro de Sula there is a Mexican named Joaquin Bustamente, employed with an American company who, by means of this company, received correspondence; soon two individuals will leave, carrying instructions and ammunition, as well as some medicines. ¶ At Calle St. Tomás, 44, there is an individual named Luis Montes who informed Sandino’s representative of the presence in Vera Cruz of two Americans who had been assigned the task of assassinating Sandino, but they refused to do this, and have revealed “la incognita” (their identity). ¶ “Four persons who will soon leave for Las Segovias . . . "

28.  August 19, 1930.  G-2 Report on Nicaraguan Revolutionists, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, Mexico City, p. 3.     " . . . are: Alfredo O. Medina, ¶ José Piat ¶ Manuel Torres ¶ Roberto G. Treviño. ¶ In Havana: ¶ Antonio Díaz ¶ Cesar Hernandez ¶ Carlos Fustes ¶ and Lt. Odalio Herrera of the Presidential Guard are those who gave help and sent arms, and it is said they will soon be leaving Cuba with a cargo.” ¶ The names mentioned as being in Mexico will be investigated, and it its suggested that copy of this report be forwarded to the Military Attaché at Havana, for similar investigation. ¶ The M/A knows nothing of the above mentioned Valero except as indicated herein. He is a man of about 45 years of age; 5’10” in height; very well dressed, and of intelligent expression. M/A judges him to be about half Spanish. He gave no other reason for furnishing the above information than that he desired payment therefor."

29.  August 15, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Relatives of Sandino and Other Rebel Chiefs, Tortured," La Prensa, Mexico City, Aug 14, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 1.     "G-2 Report ¶ 3850-a ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO. ¶ 1. Further in connection with recent reports submitted under the above subject, there is now forwarded translation of an article which appeared in “La Prensa” of Mexico City, issue of August 14, 1930. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3045. ¶ Date: Aug. 15, 1930. . . . "

30.  August 15, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Relatives of Sandino and Other Rebel Chiefs, Tortured," La Prensa, Mexico City, Aug 14, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 2.     " . . . Translation of an article appearing in “LA PRENSA” of Mexico City, Aug. 14, 1930. ¶ RELATIVES OF SANDINO AND OTHER REBEL CHIEFS, TORTURED. ¶ Nicaraguans destroy Yankee airplanes. ¶ The jails overcrowded. ¶ The North Americans deal rigorously with those who do not sympathize with the invaders. ¶ The hostility of the Nicaraguans toward the Yankee invaders is manifested every day, in every way, and has reached the point of disabling the motors of the gigantic planes of the North American Air Squadron, headquarters in the city of Managua, so that the planes shall smash to the ground, or burn up, and be completely useless,- according to reliable reports received yesterday in Mexico, from Nicaragua. ¶ A gigantic Ford trimotor plane of the Yankee Air Squadron, in Managua, was burned upon landing on the Ocotal landing-field, the accident occurring when the plane was already running on the ground; upon turning sharply to one side, it overturned. The millionaire John B. Stetson who was aboard as a passenger, the pilot, co-pilot, and radio operator, were all miraculously saved as they were able to get out of the cabin when the flames were already destroying the ship. ¶ This tri-motor, which was the largest belonging to the Yankee army of occupation in Nicaragua, was of the latest model and had reached Managua scarcely two months ago. Its entire structure was of metal, with high-powered motors, and cost over eighty thousand dollars. ¶ From investigations by the Yankee authorities, it was revealed that an inflammable substance had been poured on the motor, which originated the fire, but even upon the closest inquiries they have not been able to discover who was responsible for this disaster which nearly cost the life of the American millionaire magnate, Stetson. ¶ Nicaraguans deported to deadly Alaska. ¶ In their zeal to put an end, by terror, to the hostility latent in all Nicaraguans against the odious Yankee invasion, the American Minister, Mr. Hanna, and Captain Alfred W. Johnson, have adopted the terrible measure of deporting, with the approval of President Moncada, such Nicaraguans as were suspected to be enemies of the United States, to the cold and deadly peninsular of Alaska, where they will be put to hard labor. ¶ Martyrdom of relatives of Sandino and Ortez. ¶ Doña Blanca de Sandino, wife of General Augusto C. Sandino; his mother and sister; as also don Salvador Ortez, father of General Miguel Ortez; the grandfather of General Ortez; and the mothers of General Pedrón Altamirano and of the insurgent chiefs Avelino Herrera and Pedro Loyo; are being subjected to the most atrocious martyrdom (tortures), in the seclusion where they are held in the city of León, under the custody of the soulless North American marines. ¶ Such bitter complaints were taken to President Moncada regarding these infamous tortures to defenceless women and sick old people, that he was obliged to call a Council of . . . "

31.  August 15, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Relatives of Sandino and Other Rebel Chiefs, Tortured," La Prensa, Mexico City, Aug 14, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 3.     " . . . Ministers to discuss the matter. Senators Victor M. Román and Heliodoro Robleto were present at this meeting, and although an attempt was made to place in absolute liberty the “confinados” (prisoners),- as the Moncada Government calls them, this was strongly opposed by the American Minister, Hanna; therefore Moncada had to issue a decree prolonging, by three months, the confinement, in León, of the persons mentioned, as this measure was considered necessary for the health of the Republic. The Minister, Mr. Hanna, stated, at the Council of Ministers, that this period of three months would be sufficient, as before the end of that time the American marines would have captured, dead or alive, Sandino, Ortez, Altamirano, and their principal leaders."

32.  August 12, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Bulletin from Dr. Pedro José Zepeda," La Prensa & El Excelsior, Mexico City, Aug 9, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 1.     "G-2 Report ¶ 3850-a ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO ¶ 1. Forwarded herewith is translation of an article which appeared in “La Prensa” of Mexico City, issue of August 9, 1930, purporting to be a bulletin furnished by Sandino to Dr. Zepeda, his representative in this city. ¶ “El Excelsior” of August 10, 1930, carried the same article. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As indicated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3037. ¶ Date: Aug. 12, 1930. . . . "

33.  August 12, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Bulletin from Dr. Pedro José Zepeda," La Prensa & El Excelsior, Mexico City, Aug 9G-2 Translation of , Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 2.     " . . . (Translation) ¶ Article appearing in “La Prensa” of Mexico City, August 9, 1930. ¶ Dr. Pedro José Zepeda, general representative of the “Ejercito Defensor de la Soberania Nacional de Nicaragua”, has delivered to us the following bulletin: ¶ “General Augusto César Sandino, Supreme Chief of the Army, has communicated to me from his camps in the Segovias, that in spite of the furious bombardment of the zone occupied by our soldiers, organization of the various columns which are preparing an energetic offensive over the sectors of Matagalpa, Jinotega and Chontales, is being successfully carried out. ¶ Notwithstanding the complete reserve maintained by the invaders, the reverses suffered by the forces of occupation are numerous, they having lost in nearly all their encounters, their field officers and other officers. In the last combat of “Ojoche”, Capt. James Parker Schwerin was mortally wounded, and 17 marines were killed, including 1 lieutenant and 2 sergeants. Our column was under the immediate command of General Miguel Angel Ortez. ¶ “The first battle effectively fought, and which is without doubt the most bloody of this second stage of our struggle for the liberty of Nicaragua, took place in San Pedro, a few miles from the Honduran border. Notwithstanding our enemies used machine guns, hand grenades and gases, after seven hours of furious fighting the invaders took refuge in Concepción del Norte, in Honduran territory. General Sandino, in order to avoid pretexts which should serve the enemy in violating the sovereignty of this brother country, ordered the immediate reconcentration of our effectives toward the interior of Nicaragua. In this encounter there were 15 killed on our side, and 19 seriously wounded by explosive bullets. The enemy losses could not be estimated because they were able to carry off their wounded, but they left 23 killed on the field. ¶ “Patrols (“patrullas”) of our Army have appeared in Pozoltega, Department of León, and in Santa Teresa, Department of Carazo. ¶ “Our military hospital, established on the heights of Cerro Yucapuca, in Jinotega, was set on fire by a bomb hurled from an airplane, and a wounded patient was burned to death as on account of his grave condition it was not possible to save him. ¶ “A new Corsair combat plane of the United States Navy was obliged to land in Ticuantepe, ten miles from Managua. In the resulting crash the pilots were killed, also artillerymen Walter A. Pounders of Colt, Arkansas, and Lieut. Chaimbers Martin of Barlow, Ohio. Their bodies were respected, as also all their papers of identification,- this conduct contrasting with that of the invaders who systemically decapitated our dead soldiers and carried the heads on the points of their bayonets. The Commander of our column reports that the plane was smashed to splinters.”"

34.  August 8, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Relates How He Was Wounded By A Bomb From American Airplanes," El Excelsior, Mexico City, Aug. 5, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 1.     "G-2 Report ¶ 3850-a ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ C. A. SANDINO. ¶ 1. Forwarded herewith is translation of an article which appeared in “El Excelsior” of Mexico City, issue of August 5, 1930, entitled “Sandino Relates how he was wounded by a bomb from American airplanes”, and describing an action which took place on the heights of Saraguazca, on June 19th. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As indicated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 3031. ¶ Date: Aug. 8, 1930. . . . "

35.  August 8, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Relates How He Was Wounded By A Bomb From American Airplanes," El Excelsior, Mexico City, Aug 5, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 2.     " . . . Article appearing in “El Excelsior” ¶ Mexico City, August 5, 1930. ¶ SANDINO RELATES HOW HE WAS WOUNDED BY A BOMB FROM AMERICAN AIRPLANES. ¶ The Defender of Nicaraguan Sovereignty is Operating with a Group of over a Thousand Men. ¶ An Action on the Heights of Saraguazca. ¶ The Tireless Warrior Declares that he will Continue fighting against the Moncada Government. ¶ Sr. José Constantino González, Nicaraguan, who has just arrived in Mexico, coming from San Salvador, brings an autograph letter from General Augusto César Sandino, in which he declares that the operations of the “Ejercito Defensor de la Soberanía de Nicaragua” (Army Defending the Sovereignty of Nicarauga) are perfectly satisfactory. We produce a facsimilie [facsimile] of this letter, dated in Las Segovias June 26, 1930. ¶ General Sandino accompanied this letter with a report on the battle which took place in the rugged mountains which served as his headquarters, on June 19th. In this encounter, details of which are unknown, Sandino was wounded, though not seriously. ¶ “On the Segovian plains and mountains our shots of protest have not ceased and will not cease”, states the ‘comunicado’ (report). “On the extensive plains of Las Segovias there are, among others, two imposing heights,- ‘El Saraguazca’ and ‘El Yucapuca’, which were our centres of operation during the war against Chamorro and Diaz, in 1927. For the purpose of developing new plans of our Army I took possession of ‘El Saraguazco’, with 400 men and 10 machine guns, on June 18th, leaving other columns, numbering over 600 men, strategically placed at different points. ¶ “In the early morning of June 19th I was informed by officers of the guard that on the heights of ‘El Chirinagua’ and on the ‘La Cruz’ bluff, that suspicious lights had been seen, descending down upon ‘El Saraguazca’, trying to approach our first outposts. We looked through the fog and found that they were enemy lights. General Pedro Altamirano, officer of the day, came up hurriedly with ten mounted men, with the same report as to the proximity of the enemy. The signal was immediately given for our reserves to cover ‘El Saraguazca’. Early in the day fighting opened on the San Marcos side, and by noon the enemy had been defeated on all its flanks, after the death in the first attack, of the American leader. ¶ “A fleet of 6 airplanes took part in the fight. They used bombs and machine guns on us, furiously, twice, and in that tragic moment of our history, stirring scenes took place. There were innumerable casualties among the enemy, and on our side, Capt. Encarnación Lumbi was killed and Roque Natey, a young soldier from Telpaneca, was wounded. ¶ “As the air bombing was ceasing, at four o’clock in the afternoon, an enemy bomb exploded near me and a fragment hit me lightly in the left leg, but I have given no importance to the slight wound. I was still able to attend to affairs pertaining to our Army, as my wound did not prevent my horseback riding. At six in the evening of that memorable day the last shots were heard from the enemy, who fled in desperation.” . . . "

36.  August 8, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Relates How He Was Wounded By A Bomb From American Airplanes," El Excelsior, Mexico City, Aug 5, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 3.     " . . . The “comunicado” goes on to say that four hours after the fight Sandino, with his men, abandoned the heights of “El Saraguazca”, according to their previous plan. He has mobilized to the places offering the best facilities for the guerrilla campaign, and the forces of the “Ejercito Defensor de la Soberania de Nicaragua” are spread over Las Segovias and the León and Chinandega Departments. ¶ The combat, lightly referred to in the comunicado, was a very bloody one, but due to the magnificent natural positions of the “Sandinistas” their casualties were singularly few, as already stated. The famous “guerrillero” does not again alude [allude] to his wound. In the most vigorous terms he ratifies his intention to continue fighting against the Moncada government, and expresses his confidence that very soon the Nicaraguans will have won the complete liberty of their country. ¶ (Autograph letter from Gen. Augusto César Sandino referred to in first paragraph above.) ¶ “Headquarters of the ‘Ejercito Defensor de la Soberania Nacional de Nicaragua’. ¶ Las Segovias, June 26, 1930. ¶ Señor ¶ José Constantino González, ¶ San Salvador. ¶ Esteemed brother of the country: ¶ With this, you will find a report which I send to the press of the world in general. You will learn from this report how our military operations were carried out. ¶ Only two copies of the report are going out, as I have no secretary and I am not feeling very well owing to a slight wound. ¶ Kindly see that the report gets the greatest publicity possible. ¶ Our military operations are most satisfactory. ¶ Salutations for the Salvadorean press, and especially to the Director of the “Diario Latino”. ¶ Your affectionate friend and “seguro servidor”, ¶ A. C. Sandino. ¶ Patria y Libertad.”"

37.  August 8, 1930.  G-2 Report on Bandit Situation in Nicaragua, Lt. Col. Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.     "NICARAGUA ¶ POPULATION AND SOCIAL ¶ No. 2700 – Public Order and Safety. ¶ Bandit Situation. ¶ Since the last report from this office the bandit situation has been somewhat improved. Practically all of the the Department of Esteli appears to be safe now. In fact the only region where it is still dangerous is the region North of the City of Jinotega. Within the last two weeks Guardia Nacional patrols have had three serious encounters with bandits. In one Lieutenant Freeman was seriously wounded. In another three bandits were captured and several killed. ¶ Late in July a Guardia Nacional Patrol finally located and destroyed Altamirano’s main camp. This was located in the Guapinol area and had remained undiscovered for nearly two years. The camp was found to be very poorly supplied and captured bandits stated that the 200 men in the band had only about 15 cartridges a piece. They further stated that Ortez had gone to Nueva Segovia for ammunition but had returned without any. The latter undoubtedly went after some of Sandino’s supply, buried in the vicinity of Murra, but this area is now so closely watched that it is doubtful if he could get away with any. ¶ About two weeks ago Colonel Ramón Lopez y Lopez, Jefe Politico of Esteli, disappeared while en route to León. It was suspected that he had been killed by bandits, and this turned out to be the fact. The group who assasinated [assassinated] him was captured a few days ago near Posoltega. ¶ The Guardia Nacional continues to show excellent results. In one of the fights near Jinotega the patrol was commanded by Lieutenant Delgadillo, who had just completed his training at the Cadet School and received his commission. He defeated the bandits and captured several without losing any of his own men. Report No. 826 ¶ San José--August 8, 1930 ¶ Source – Newspapers ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."

38.  July 1, 1930.  G-2 Report on Bandit Situation on June 30, 1930, Lt. Col. Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.     "NICARAGUA ¶ POPULATION & SOCIAL ¶ No. 2700 – Public Order and Safety. ¶ Bandit Situation on June 30, 1930. ¶ For the last two months the Guardia Nacional has been having numerous contacts with bandit groups, in places as widely scattered as the Bonanza Mine, on the Coco River, to the vicinity of the town of León. The bands encountered are larger than heretofore met with throughout the campaign. Detachments of the Guardia have had fights with bands of 30, 40, and 50 men in a great number of different localities. ¶ As showing the state of feeling in the Northern Departments, there was on exhibition for several days in Matagalpa the head of a bandit leader named Silbino Herrera. This leader had killed a number of people, and done a great deal of looting near Matagalpa. He finally captured an Indian girl belonging to an Indian and took her to the mountains with him. The girl’s husband trailed the band, located them, and then led a patrol under Lieutenant Pennington to their camp. Herrera and six men were killed and the band scattered. ¶ This incident is very important as it is almost the first time during the three years campaign, that the Marines or Guardia have received effective help from any of the inhabitants. ¶ Report No. 777 ¶ San José--July 1, 1930 ¶ Source – Newspapers ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."

39.  July 1, 1930.  Letter from Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Edward P. Lowry, Mexico City, to Sec. State, Washington D.C., p. 1.     "Mexico, July 1, 1930. ¶ No. 2588 ¶ The Honorable ¶ The Secretary of State, ¶ Washington, D. C. ¶ Sir: ¶ I have the honor to refer to the Department’s instruction No. 1161 dated June 21, 1930, directing the Embassy to endeavor to obtain all available data concerning the circumstances surrounding the departure of Augusto César Sandino from Mexico. ¶ Colonel Gordon Johnston, the Military Attaché of the Embassy, sent his assistant to Yucatan sometime ago for the purpose of gathering all possible information in connection with Sandino’s movements. A copy of Colonel Johnston’s memorandum of yesterday’s date is respectfully enclosed for the Department’s information. ¶ I have the honor to be, Sir, ¶ Your obedient servant, ¶ EPL/kk ¶ Edward P. Lowry. ¶ Chargé d’Affaires ad interim. ¶ Enclosure: ¶ Copy of memorandum described above. . . . "

40.  July 1, 1930.  Letter from Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Edward P. Lowry, Mexico City, to Sec. State, Washington D.C., p. 2.     " . . . Enclosure ¶ Despatch No. 2588 ¶ C O P Y. ¶ AMERICAN EMBASSY ¶ OFFICE OF THE MILITARY ATTACHE. ¶ Mexico, June 30, 1930. ¶ MEMORANDUM FOR THE CHARGÉ D’AFFAIRES: ¶ With reference to memorandum No. 1161 of State Department dated June 21, 1930, you are informed that the current rumor and report in Mexico City is to the effect that Sandino was carried to Guatemala by Col. Lezama of the Mexican Air Force. Efforts have been made to verify these rumors, but no confirmation has been obtained, nor is the evidence sufficient to warrant any confidence in the above-mentioned rumors. ¶ My own conclusions are that Sadino [Sandino] and his party took a small coasting boat from the north coast of Yucatan or the northwest of Quintana Roo, and thence proceeded to the Patuca River in Honduras, which would give him access to the Segovia country in which his forces were operating. ¶ Previous to his disappearance from Progreso he made numerous trips by automobile with his party for the ostensible purpose of purchasing a farm, until his community was accustomed to such trips. At the time of year of his departure the roads were dry and automobiles could move in practically any direction with considerable freedom. ¶ The difficulty of concealing his departure by airplane for any place near his base of operations, is very apparent. The probabilities are that the Mexican Government was very glad to see him go and may have assisted him in every way possible. ¶ (Signed) GORDON JOHNSTON, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché."

41.  June 30, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Not Wounded — Several Towns Of Nicaragua Destroyed By Machine Guns of the Americans — Women In Jail — Mother, Mother-In-Law, Wife, and Sister of Sandino Are Under Arrest," El Excelsior, Mexico City, June 26, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 1.     "G-2 Report ¶ 3850-a ¶ MEXICO ¶ POLITICAL ¶ SUBJECT: Foreign Relations: ¶ Status of Relations with Foreign Countries: ¶ C. A. SANDINO. ¶ 1. Attached hereto there is forwarded translation of an article which appeared in “EL EXCELSIOR” of Mexico City, in its issue of June 26, 1930, purporting to be an interview with Dr. Zepeda, Sandino’s representative in Mexico City. ¶ Gordon Johnston, ¶ Colonel, Cavalry, ¶ Military Attaché. ¶ Source: As stated. ¶ J/p ¶ From: M.A.Mexico. ¶ Report No. 2963. ¶ Date: June 30, 1930. . . . "

42.  June 30, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Sandino Not Wounded — Several Towns Of Nicaragua Destroyed By Machine Guns of the Americans — Women In Jail — Mother, Mother-In-Law, Wife, and Sister of Sandino Are Under Arrest," El Excelsior, Mexico City, June 26, Col. Gordon Johnston, Military Attaché, p. 2.     " . . . (Translation of article appearing in “EXCELSIOR” June 26, 1930) ¶ Sandino Not Wounded. ¶ Several towns of Nicaragua destroyed by machine guns of the Americans. ¶ Women in Jail. ¶ Mother, mother-in-law, wife, and sister of Sandino are under arrest. ¶ Dr. Pedro José Zepeda, general representative in Mexico of the “Ejercito Defensor de la Soberania Nacional de Nicaragua”, yesterday (June 25th) made the following declarations: ¶ “Although General Sandino has been personally directing the military operations in Nicaragua, it is not true that he has been wounded. In communications received here from the field of operations dated the 20th instant, the General tells me that, notwithstanding the fierce bombardment which the American Navy planes have been carrying on throughout the whole northern sector of Jinotega, our soldiers have suffered no considerable losses, although the towns of Rinconada and Montaña were completely destroyed. ¶ “In the Esteli sector fighting has been more or less violent, especially in San Diego and San Antonio, where a flying column of Gen. Ortez had a hard-fought encounter with a detachment of Marines. In General Sandino’s official report it is especially emphasized that our forces avoid, so far as possible, attacking the national guards because it has been confirmed that the majority of these national guards are seeking the opportunity to enter the ranks of our army. As proof of this there is cited the case of Col. Enrique S. Tijerino, ex-national guard, who, at the head of a group of his companions, opened fire upon the American officers who commanded them, and after a bloody fight succeeded in carrying off several machine guns, some rifles and ammunition, with which they have been able to form a strong nucleus in Ometepec, now under the orders of General Sandino. ¶ “Confirmed reports from San Rafael del Norte state that a group of American officers under Capt. Fleming who is called commandante of the “Central de Policia”, after committing all kinds of outrages, captured the wife of General Sandino, and the old mother of General Altamirano. Those women, as well as the mother and elder sister of Doña Blanca Aráuz de Sandino, were taken as prisoners to Managua. After subjecting them to all sorts of penalties they were later taken to León where they are now held incomunicado [incommunicado] in the jail of that town which is under the forces of the occupation. The outrages which are being committed throughout the whole of the north of Nicaragua are without precedent in the history of arbitrary occupations of the United States Marines. The assassinations committed daily by soldiers of the occupation forces are numberless, as well as offenses of all kinds. Feeling runs high throughout the country as worthy Nicaraguans see in General Sandino the only man capable of redeeming them from such ignominy and shame. ¶ “Upon commenting upon the arrest and imprisonment of his wife, General Sandino considers that those who call themselves representatives of the American Government in Nicaragua forget that all civilized peoples in the world are judging them, and that, furthermore, all sacrifices are noble when they serve the cause of the liberty of a people.”"

43.  June 26, 1930.  G-2 Report on Sandino's Connection with Communist Party of Mexico, Lt. Col. Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.     "G-2 ¶ CGM/BC ¶ EVALUATION OF REPORTS FROM M/A, Guatemala. ¶ MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIVISION. ¶ EVALUATED IN Latin American Section. ¶ DATE June 26, 1930. ¶ Number of Report ¶ I.G. Number ¶ Remarks as to value of information contained. ¶ The attached report is forwarded for your information and comment. (Report No. 2948, from M/A, Mexico, June 17, 1930.) ¶ COMMENT: Sandino’s connection with the Communist Party of Mexico began when Esteban Pavletich, representing this Party, visited Sandino in April and May, 1928. Pavletich accompanied Gustavo Machado, leaving Tegucigalpa April 13th, with Macedonio Díaz, one of Sandino’s most trusted men as guide. ¶ After leaving Nicaragua Pavletich remained for six months in Salvador, where he was very successful in Sandino propaganda. Some time during this period, I think about October of 1928, he sent Agustin Marti to join Sandino. At this time he announced that this was in response to a letter from Sandino in which he stated that he desired to have a man from each of the Latin-American republics on his General Staff. The fact that Pavletich, who is an open and acknowledged communist leader in Mexico personally took charge of Sandino’s activities in Salvador shows clearly that some agreement must have been made between the party and Sandino. ¶ Sandino’s downfall dated from the minute he remained in Nicaragua after the elections, as he then became merely a rebel, and a rebel against his own party, to say nothing of his own people. Attached is a photograph showing Agustin Marti. ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A. ¶ For the A. C. of S., G-2: ¶ W. H. SIMPSON, ¶ Major, G.S., ¶ Executive Officer, G-2. ¶ cp ¶ 1 Incl."

44.  June 19-26.  Press clippings:  "Sandino Fighting Again In Nicaragua" (June 19), New York Times.  "Nicaraguan Bandits Concentrate In Camps" (June 23), New York Times.  "Gen. Sandino Wounded" (June 26), Washington Star.     "SANDINO FIGHTING AGAIN IN NICARAGUA ¶ His Representative in Mexico City Says General Has Scored Over Marines Twice. ¶ DETAILS OF CLASH TOLD ¶ Captain Alfred Johnson Leaves Here Tomorrow for Nicaragua to Supervise Elections There. ¶ MEXICO CITY, June 18 (AP).—General Augustino Sandino’s representative here issued a statement today saying the insurgent leader had returned to Nicaragua and had defeated United States Marines in two encounters. ¶ The representative Pedro José Zepeda, declared Sandino’s men had captured a Marine sergeant and an aviator and in addition had taken 10,000 rounds of ammunition and many guns. ¶ Reports have been current all of this year that General Sandino was on his way back to Nicaragua. ¶ The insurgent chieftain gave the Marines much trouble in Nicaragua in 1928 and the early part of 1929, but eventually sought asylum in Mexico. ¶ Last July he took up residence in Merida, Yucatan, in the southern part of Mexico, and there lived more or less quietly. Rumors started in January that he intended to return to Nicaragua, and in February he left Mexico with his staff. Until now, however, his whereabouts have been a matter for speculation. ¶ After Sandino had left Nicaragua the troubles of the Marines and the Nicaraguan National Guard were not ended. They continued to clash with small groups of bandits and have had numerous engagements in the last few months. ¶ Details of Clash Related. ¶ Special to The New York Times. ¶ WASHINGTON, June 18.—Details of the fight on May 8 between Nicaraguan bandits and a patrol of the Nicaraguan National Guard led by Second Lieutenant Edward Lewis Livermore of Wellington, Ohio, when four members of the guard were killed and two wounded, were received by the Marine Corps today in a report from Managua. ¶ “At 3 P. M., May 8,” the report said, “a National Guard patrol led by Second Lieutenant Edward Lewis Livermore (a corporal in the United States Marine Corps) was surrounded and ambushed by a group of bandits estimated to be one hundred. The action occurred as the patrol was making its way down Barrial Hill. The bandits, who were equipped with bombs, three Thompson sub-machine guns, one Lewis gun and rifles, opened fire from four sides, the advance guard being killed immediately. ¶ “After two hours’ fighting the bandits were dislodged from two hills in front and in thirty minutes all firing ceased. ¶ “Total casualties of the National Guard were four killed, two wounded. All animals and supplies with the patrol were lost.” ¶ To Leave to Supervise Elections. ¶ Captain Alfred Johnson of the United States Navy, who recently was appointed by the Supreme Court of Nicaragua as chairman of the National Board of Elections upon nomination by President Hoover, will sail for Nicaragua from New York on Friday to prepare for the supervision of the Congressional elections in the Fall. He will be the personal representative of President Hoover in Nicaragua with the rank of Minister and will rank immediately after the American Minister to Nicaragua. ¶ Officers who will assist him in Nicaragua include Commander A. S. Hickey, Major Henry L. Larson, Lieutenant H. B. Edgar, Major Charles F. B. Price, First Lieutenant George L. Hollett, Captain F. F. Fulton, Captain M. B. Ridgway, Lieutenant R. P. Erdman, Lieutenant D. Hyatt and Lieutenant Paul B. Watson. ¶ The enlisted personnel of the board of elections is now practically organized. Three hundred and ten enlisted men in the Navy will go from the submarine base at Coco Solo, Canal Zone, and will arrive at Managua on the west coast of Nicaragua on July 10. Fifty-four enlisted men of the Marine Corps have been detailed for assembly at Coco Solo, Canal Zone, and will proceed to Bluefields on the east coast of Nicaragua, arriving July 10. There is a possibility of Marine Corps personnel augmenting the west coast personnel. ¶ The majority of the officers and men of the national board participated in supervising the Presidential election in Nicaragua in 1928. ¶ NICARAGUAN BANDITS CONCENTRATE IN CAMPS ¶ Sandino Held to Be Encouraging Move Which Follows Advent of Rainy Season. ¶ Tropical Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES. ¶ MANAGUA, June 23.—The situation in regard to the bandits in the northern provinces of Nicaragua has changed since the beginning of the rainy season. The National Guard patrols notice that instead of wandering in smaller groups, the bandits seem to be concentrating in larger camps. ¶ Similar moves have been made at the beginning of previous rainy seasons, but this year the camps seem to be larger and the concentration more intense. This has lead [led] to a belief in some quarters that the concentration has stimulated and urged by Augustino Sandino, possibly with a view to a bandit organization. ¶ The National Guard, supported by Marines, is equipped and prepared to meet any development. ¶ American Marine aviators, in a bombing expedition last Thursday under the command of Major Ralph Johnson Mitchell of the United States Marine Corps, displayed their courage and ability in attacking a bandit stronghold. The bandits returned the machine-gun fire of the planes, shooting holes in the wings of machines piloted by Captain Johnson and Lieutenant J. . Hart, but without effect on the fire from the planes. The bandits deserted their stronghold after the attack, going northward. ¶ GEN. SANDINO WOUNDED ¶ MANAGUA, Nicaragua, June 25 (AP).—Gen. MacDougal, commander of the Nicaragua National Guard, yesterday said he had been informed that Gen. Augustino Sandino, insurgent leader, was operating in the vicinity of the mountains north of St. Rafael and had been recently wounded in the leg. ¶ The general’s informant was a native Nicaraguan captured by the Sandinistas, who escaped subsequently. He said he recognized the famous insurgent general."

45.  June 20, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Representative of the Defender of Nicaragua Declares That the Invaders Were Decimated — Terrific Bombardments in the South of Honduras — Violent Fighting Taking Place Throughout the Entire Sector of Matagalpa and Rivas," El Excelsior, Mexico City, June 13, Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Edward P. Lowry, Mexico City, to Sec. State, Washington D.C., p. 1.     "No. 2564 ¶ Mexico, June 20, 1930. ¶ The Honorable ¶ The Secretary of State, ¶ Washington, D.C. ¶ Sir: ¶ With reference to my confidential despatch No. 2546 of June 13, 1930, and previous despatches concerning the Nicaraguan rebel, Sandino, I have the honor to enclose a translation of an article appearing in EXCELSIOR of June 18, 1930, quoting a “bulletin” which was delivered to that paper by Doctor Pedro J. Cepeda [Zepeda], the so-called representative of Sandino in Mexico City. ¶ I have the honor to be, Sir, ¶ Your obedient servant, ¶ Edward P. Lowry, ¶ Chargé d’Affaires ad interim. ¶ Enclosure: ¶ Translation of news item appearing in EXCELSIOR of June 18, 1930, as described above. ¶ JGS/c . . . "

46.  June 20, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Representative of the Defender of Nicaragua Declares That the Invaders Were Decimated — Terrific Bombardments in the South of Honduras — Violent Fighting Taking Place Throughout the Entire Sector of Matagalpa and Rivas," El Excelsior, Mexico City, June 13, Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Edward P. Lowry, Mexico City, to Sec. State, Washington D.C., p. 2.     " . . . Enclosure. ¶ Despatch No. 2564 ¶ T R A N S L A T I O N ¶ (EXCELSIOR: June 18, 1930) ¶ SANDINO CLASHES WITH A COLUMN OF AMERICANS ¶ The Representative of the Defender of Nicaragua Declares that the Invaders Were Decimated ¶ TERRIFIC BOMBARDMENTS IN THE SOUTH OF HONDURAS ¶ Violent Fighting is Taking Place Throughout the Entire Sector of Matagalpa and Rivas ¶ Doctor Pedro José Cepeda [Zepeda], general representative of the Army defending the national sovereignty of Nicaragua, gave us the following bulletin last night: ¶ “After a rapid march through various Centralamerican countries, General Augusto César Sandino arrived at Segovias, proceeding with great energy to reorganize the various columns which, under the command of Generals Ortez and Altamirano, had been charged with the guarding of the arsenal of war hidden in the mountains.” ¶ “Following the plan of the Northamerican military command, the most complete silence has been maintained in regard to the military activities of General Sandino, in spite of the fact that, upon learning in Managua of the unusual movement of the air columns of our Army, which were obeying a command for concentration, the bombarding planes of the invading Army proceeded at once to set fire to the towns of Santa Bárbara, El Limón, and Jalapa. The material damages ¶ are . . . "

47.  June 20, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Representative of the Defender of Nicaragua Declares That the Invaders Were Decimated — Terrific Bombardments in the South of Honduras — Violent Fighting Taking Place Throughout the Entire Sector of Matagalpa and Rivas," El Excelsior, Mexico City, June 13, Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Edward P. Lowry, Mexico City, to Sec. State, Washington D.C., p. 3.     " . . . are tremendous, the asphyxiating gases, thrown in tons, having destroyed all the crops and livestock. Seven women and three children, whose bodies were found among the debris by our soldiers, are believed to have been wounded and unable to seek shelter, with the result that they burned to death. ¶ “The entire region north of the Segovias and part of southern Honduras have been devastated by the airplanes of the American Navy, which, in their impotence to destroy the soldiers of General Sandino, resort to the most inhuman procedures. ¶ “In the official report received by this general representation of the Army, reference is made to hundreds of dead and wounded in Honduran territory, the protests of the Government of that country having failed to check the repeated attacks upon the civil population of Honduras. ¶ “In spite of the drastic orders of the forces of occupation to concentrate in the ‘prison camps’ all the families of the peasants, they are presenting themselves in hundreds to General Sandino, desirous – men and women – of seeing the regime of oppression initiated by Chamorro and continued by Moncada brought to an end. ¶ “Great optimism reigns throughout Nicaragua over the return of General Sandino. The general receives from all parts of the country messages of adhesion and uprisings of Nicaraguans in the so-called National Guard are frequent. ¶ “A cavalry troop under the direct command of General Sandino presented the first battle in the rio Tuma region, near Matagalpa, and defeated a column of two hundred marines, ¶ whom he . . . "

48.  June 20, 1930.  G-2 Translation of "Representative of the Defender of Nicaragua Declares That the Invaders Were Decimated — Terrific Bombardments in the South of Honduras — Violent Fighting Taking Place Throughout the Entire Sector of Matagalpa and Rivas," El Excelsior, Mexico City, June 13, Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Edward P. Lowry, Mexico City, to Sec. State, Washington D.C., p. 4.     " . . . whom he completely routed, having captured ten thousand rounds of ammunition, thirty rifles and a number of pistols. Among the prisoners are a sergeant of marines and an air pilot. We suffered the loss of six dead and seven wounded, Captain López Irías and General Sandino’s bugler being among the latter. ¶ “The second important battle took place at Cerro Grande, with forces under the command of General Estrada. Complete details are not available of this encounter, but it will be famous, since the first American airplane was obliged to descend in this second effort towards national liberty. Brisk fighting is going on throughout the Matagalpa, Rivas and Prinzapolka region. General Altamirano controls the entire central and western region of the lastmentioned [last mentioned] province, while General Ortez has his headquarters in ‘La Sultana,’ an hacienda located between Jinotega and Matagalpa."

49.  June 18, 1930.  G-2 Report on Recent Reports from Bandit Areas, Lt. Col. Fred T. Cruse, Military Attaché, San José.     "NICARAGUA ¶ POLITICAL ¶ No. 3020-d – Armed Revolutionary Movements. ¶ Recent Reports from Bandit Areas. ¶ The work of getting all peaceable inhabitants of the bandit areas out of Nueva Segovia and Jinotega and into the larger towns has been completed. This leaves Marine Planes free to attack any suspicious persons in the areas and to bomb houses which are suspected of being hide-outs for the bandits. ¶ Reports seem to indicate, however, that Altamirano has moved to the Coco River region, and intends to remain there for some time. There is no doubt that early in June he was near the Bonanza Mine in the Pis Pis region with a force of about 50 men. ¶ It has been ascertained that Sandino entered Nicaragua through Totecasinte and he is now supposed to be en route to the Coco River region, although no definite report of his movements has yet been received. ¶ From Honduras a reliable report has been received that Porfirio Sanchez, former Sandino chief, had attempted to organize a force, and that Honduran troops sent after him had caught him and wounded him severely. Later reports, apparently accurate, state that he died of his wounds. ¶ The Nicaraguan Government is still anxious to send volunteers to clean up the bandit areas, and it now seems certain that the Marines will agree, as President Moncada has definitely selected General Francisco Parajon to command the volunteer forces. ¶ Report No. 768 ¶ San José--June 18, 1930 ¶ Source – Evaluation of reliable information from various sources. ¶ Fred T. Cruse, ¶ Major, G.S. ¶ M.A."

50.  June 1929.  Photograph of "Gen Sandino and his staff enroute to Mexico" (in San Salvador).     Caption:  "Left to right  ¶  Ruben Ardilla Gomez (Venezuelan)  ¶  Jose Paredes (Mexican)  ¶ Gen. A. C. Sandino  ¶  Agustin F. Marti (Salvadorean)  ¶ Gregorio Gilbert (Haitian)"